Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HSS4108 > WEEK 2 - INTRO AND DEVELOPMENT OF HT BARRIERS AND FACILITATORS > Flashcards

WEEK 2 - INTRO AND DEVELOPMENT OF HT BARRIERS AND FACILITATORS Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of Health Technology?

A

the practical application of knowledge to improve or maintain an individual and population health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How would you describe a health technology (3 things)?

A
  1. physical nature
  2. purpose of application
  3. stage of diffusion (life-cycle of a technology)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What forces are encouraging the growth and spread of Health Care technology?

A
  1. medical training and practice
  2. reimbursement mechanisms
  3. competition
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the number one force inhibiting the growth and spread of Health Care Tech?

A

COST!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What aspects of cost inhibit growth and spread of HCT?

A
  • buying it
  • operation
  • paying specialists
    -paying special facilities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What other forces inhibit growth and spread of HCT?

A
  • lack of standards
  • difficulty in evaluating cost benefit and balancing with clinical effectiveness
  • unequal distribution
  • misuse, overuse, underuse of med tech
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the 5 stages of diffusion of technology?

A
  1. Emerging or future
  2. experimental
  3. investigational
  4. established
  5. obsolete/outmoded/abandoned
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the stage of “emerging or future”?

A

very novel and new
not looking at benefits and risks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the stage of “experimental” ?

A

work in lab not on humans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the stage of “investigational”?

A

RCTs on humans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the stage of “established”?

A

tech is out and passed regulatory protocols

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the stage of “Obsolete/Outmoded/Abandoned”?

A

reassessment of tech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the “diffusion theory”?

A

the innovation, ideas or techniques are communicated through certain channels over time within a targeted social system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What 5 factors affect the percieved merits of new tech in the “diffusion theory”?

A
  1. relative advantage (has to do with cost)
  2. compatibility (what we already do will it fit in?)
  3. Complexity (is it easy to use generally?)
  4. Trialability (can you try it before implemented?)
  5. Obersvability (Can we see that tech improves health?)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the 5 categories of diffusion theory for any new innovation (based on a bell curve)?

A
  1. innovators
  2. early adopters
  3. early majority
  4. late majority
  5. laggards
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The more you move to the right on the bell curve of diffusion, the more you must convince and provide evidence that the tech works. true or false?

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a Health Technology Assessment?

A

systematic evaluation of properties, effects or other impacts of health technology

helps determine the relative costs and benefits of diff tech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the big things that impact at in a HTA?

A
  1. clinical effectiveness, efficacy, and safety
  2. cost effectiveness
  3. ethical, legal, and social implications
  4. Technical properties
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

look at the lifecycle framework on slide 23 lecture 1

A
20
Q

What are the challenges to using evidence?

A
  • depends on the question being asked \
  • depends on the desired outcome
21
Q

What is the difference between a “microeconomic impact” and a “macroeconomic impact”?

A

micro- small things –> cost, prices, charges, all with individual tech

macro-large –> gross domestic product, national health care costs, etc…

22
Q

What are “technical properties” in regards to HTAs?

A
  • How does it perform?
23
Q

What is “safety” in regards to HTAs?

A

What is the amount of risk involved?

24
Q

What is the difference between efficacy and effectiveness?

A

efficacy
- “Can it work?”
- internal to the study

effectiveness
- “does it work?”
-external, using it in the real world

25
Q

What consists of “ethical, legal, and social considerations” for HTAs?

A
  • choices about how and when to use tech
  • research and advancement of knowledge
  • resource allocation
  • integrity of HTA processes themselves
26
Q

WHo uses the information provided by HTAs?

A

basically everyone!!

specifically, the decision makers (like HCPs)

27
Q

What are the 3 basic orientations for HTAs?

A
  1. Technology-oriented
  2. problem -oriented
  3. project oriented
28
Q

What is a technology-oriented HTA?

A
  • to determine the characteristics or impacts of particular tech
  • very basic
29
Q

What is a problem-oriented HTA?

A
  • looking more at specific health problems
30
Q

What is “project-oriented” HTA?

A

more hospital based
focus on local placement or use of a tech in a particular instiution (ex buying a PET scan)

31
Q

What two things is the HTA for?

A
  1. inform health care providers ( ones who use it)
  2. inform investment decisions ( ones who pay for it)
32
Q

Is there a correct time to conduct an HTA?

A

no!
we see a range from less than month to 2-4 yrs)

33
Q

Is earlier always better for decision making in HTAs?

A

the earlier you do it, the less evidence you have, the more likely its diffusion will be halted/stopped or deemed unsafe/ineffective

34
Q

What is the “moving target problem” with HTAs?

A

by the time the HTA gets conducted and revieweed and disseminated, it may be outdated by changes in tech, how its used, and its competitiors

35
Q

What is horizon scanning?

A
  • technique for detecting early signs of potentially important developments through a systematic examination of potential threats and opportunities, with emphasis on new technology and its effects on the issue at hand
  • sees “what’s the newest and greatest”
  • helps to plan and prepare
  • helps to see variations of tech already in use
36
Q

does canada have a horizon scanning program?

A

YEs! –> called CADTH

  • identifies new and emerging health tech likely to have a significant impact on health care in canada but are not yet widely used in the canadian health care system
37
Q

What is the “valley of death”?

A

where a health technology makes it no further in development or getting to market

technological –> just did not meet requirements to physically help

commercialization –> cannot get investors to get it out into system

38
Q

is regulation/market authorization a neccessary step in developing HT?

A

YES!!

39
Q

what two regulators are the most common to pass by?

A
  1. FDA
  2. Health canada
40
Q

Do the rulesand regulatory processes depend on the health technology being developed?

A

yes

41
Q

What is the problems with investment in our health care system (x5)?

A
  1. scare resources
  2. HCPs invest in tech that is not tailored to their needs or do not work well in their settings
  3. relative value added of a tech does not justify the purchase price
  4. investments are not performed based on priority of needs
  5. variability in practice
42
Q

What is “disinvestment”?

A

stage where tech are being taken off the market

43
Q

What are the positives to disinvestment?

A

having good standards and variability in practice

44
Q

look at slides or google docs for week 2 lecture 2

A
45
Q
A

HSS4108 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions