Week 2 Exam Flashcards
what is the historic method of measuring total serum protein
Kjeldahl method which is based on quantifying the nitrogen content of proteins
Which protein measuring method measures the intensity of purple color produced by cupric ions that is proportional to the number of peptide bonds?
The Biuret method
What method is used to measure albumin
dye binding method using bromcresol green or bromcresol purple
What is ALS and why would it be elevated
Aldolase - increased in skeletal muscle disease like muscular dystrophy
What is AMS and what causes it to increase
Amylase - increased in acute pancreatitis
What is LPS and why would it be high
Lipase - actue pancreatitis and is more specific than AMS
What is ALP and why would it be elevated
Alkaline Phosphatase - Biliary obstruction or bone tumors or pagets disease
What is the historical method for measuring glucose?
copper reduction methods that use glucose to reduce cupric ions to cuprous ions
What is the current method for measuring glucose
hexokinase method which uses hexokinase to convert glucose to G-6-P then to 6-phosphoglyconate
Trinder method uses glucose to produce an oxidized chromogen
Fecal and urine urobilinogen uses what reagent?
Ehrlich’s reagent to produce a red color that is read spectrophotometrically
What reagents are used in the Jendrassik-Grof method for measuring total bilirubin
Sodium acetate - buffer
caffeine sodium benzoate - accelerates coupling of bilirubin to diazo reagent
diazotized sulfanilic acid - reacts with bilirubin to form colored azobilirubin
ascorbic acid- stops the reaction
alkaline tartrate - changes ph and converts purple azobilirubin to blue
what reagent is left out of the Jendrassik - grof method for just direct bilirubin to be measured?
caffeine sodium benzoate
Source of ammonia
deamination of amino acids in the liver
causes of increased ammonia
urea cycle deficiency, liver disease, renal failure, Reyes syndrome
Analytical method for ammonia
glutamate dehydrogenase converts ammonia to glutamate and water. decrease in absorbance at 340nm is measure as NADH is reduced to NAD+
Source of BUN
detoxification of ammonia from the urea cyle and protein intake
factors that affect BUN
hydration, renal function, liver function, protein in diet, protein breakdown
analytical method for measuring BUN
Enzymatic method uses urease in the Berthelot reaction to make ammonia. the ammonia is coupled with glutamate dehydrogenase and absorbance is measured.
chemical method uses diazine
Source of creatine
muscle metabolism
Chemical creatinine method
Jaffe method reacts creatine with picrate ions under alkaline conditions
Enzymatic creatinine method
creatininase, creatininase and creatinase, creatinine iminohydrolase
source of uric acid
purine base metabolism, food, or nucleic acid turnover
chemical uric acid method
Carraway method - oxidation of uric acid with subsequent reduction of phosphotungstic acid to tungsten blue
Enzymatic method of uric acid
Uricase method oxidizes urate to allantoin
