Week 2: Epithelial & Connective Tissues Flashcards
What does the first name of an epithelium indicate?
Its number of layers
What are the names which indicate the number of layers?
Simple
Stratified
Pseudostratified
What does the second name of an epithelium indicate?
Its shape
What are the names which indicate an epithelial tissue’s shape?
Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar
Epithelial tissue which consists of only one layer
Simple epithelia
Epithelial tissue which consists of more than one layer
Stratified epithelia
Epithelial shape that is flattened and scalelike
Squamous cells
Epithelial shape that is boxlike, approximately as tall as it is wide
Cuboidal cells
Epithelial shapes that is tall and column shaped
Columnar cells
Does the shape of the nucleus conform to its cell shape? If so, list the differing shapes of each type of cell shape
Yes.
Simple cells: nucleus is a flattened disc
Cuboidal cells: nucleus is spherical
Columnar cells: nucleus is elongated from top to bottom and is usually found closer to the cell base
In stratified epithelia, cell shapes differ in its many layers. To avoid ambiguity, stratified epithelia are named according to the shape of the cells in what layer?
The apical layer
What is the apical surface?
The upper free surface which is exposed to exterior
What is the basal surface?
The lower, ATTACHED layer
What does it mean when an epithelia is pseudostratified?
It means that it appears stratified but all cells touch the basement membrane
Where can simple squamous epithelium be found?
Why?
What should you memorize visually?
Alveoli
Endothelium
Because the single layer allows materials to pass easily such as oxygen in the lung alveoli where protection is not an issue.
Be able to locate:
Nucleus
Where can stratified squamous epithelium be found?
Why?
What should you memorize visually?
Epidermis
Oral Cavity
Because protection is needed in high-abrasion areas such as the skin surface and mouth.
Be able to locate:
Apical surface
Basement membrane
Nucleus
Where can simple cuboidal epithelium be found?
Why?
What should you memorize visually?
Kidney Tubules
Exocrine gland ducts
Because they allow for secretion and absorption and form the wall of the smallest ducts of glands and of many kidney tubules
Be able to locate: Apical surface Basement membrane Lumen Nucleus
Where can simple columnar epithelium be found?
Why?
What should you memorize visually?
Linings of stomach and intestines
Because it lines the digestive tract from the stomach through the rectum and needs to also be able to absorb and secrete.
Be able to locate: Apical surface Basement membrane Nucleus Goblet cells
Where can pseudostratified cilitated columnar epithelium be found?
Why?
What should you memorize visually?
Lining of trachea
Nasal Cavity
Because it needs to be able to secrete mucous via goblet cells and absorb substances as well as propel dust-trapping mucous away from the lungs.
Be able to locate: Apical surface Basement membrane Nucleus Cilia Goblet cells
Where can transitional epithelium be found?
Why?
What should you memorize visually?
Lines the ureters
Bladder
part of the urethra
Because it needs to stretch readily to distend the urinary organs, it is highly stretchable.
Be able to locate: Apical surface Basement membrane connective tissue Looks like stratified squamous and stratified cuboidal except that it has Bulbous cells at the apical surface also.
What are the main classes of connective tissue?
1) Connective tissue proper (fat and fibrous tissue of ligaments)
2) Cartilage
3) Bone
4) Blood
What are the 3 types of fibers found in connective tissue matrix?
Collagen
Elastin
Reticular
Which fiber is thick and unbranching; faint in appearance, and has crossed linked fibriles which make them incredibly strong?
Collagen
Which fiber is branched and jagged in appearance; branching extensively creating delicate networks?
Reticular (reticul = network)
Which fiber has dark thin fibers and is very flexible; long and rubberlike which allows them to stretch and recoil like a rubber band?
Elastic
What blast is associated with connective tissue proper?
Fibroblasts
What blast is associated with cartilage?
Chondroblast
What blast is associated with bone?
Osteoblast
What tissue types belong in the connective tissue proper category?
Areolar connective (loose fiber arrangement) Adipose connective (loose fiber arrangement) Reticular connective (loose fiber arrangement) Dense regular connective (dense fiber arrangement)(tendon specimen)
Where can Areolar connective tissue be found? What are the items you should identify in the slide?
Can be found Deep to the epithelia
Be able to locate:
Collagen fibers (thick)
Elastic fibers (thin)
Fibroblasts
Where can Adipose connective tissue be found? What are the items you should identify in the slide?
Can be found in the Hypodermis and Breasts
Be able to locate:
Adipocytes
Nuclei
Vacuole containing fat
Where can Reticular connective tissue be found? What are the items you should identify in the slide?
Can be found in the Lymph nodes and Spleen
Be able to locate:
Reticular fibers
Where can Dense regular connective tissue be found? What are the items you should identify in the slide?
Can be found in the Tendons and Ligaments
Be able to locate:
Collagen fibers
Fibroblast nuclei
What tissue types belong in the Fluid/Vascular connective tissue category?
Blood
Where can Blood be found? What are the items you should identify in the slide?
Can be found in Blood vessels
Be able to locate: Plasma (fluid matrix) Erythrocytes (red blood cells) Leukocytes with nuclei (white blood cells) Platelets (tiny purple clusters)
What tissue types belong in the Supportive connective tissue category?
Hyaline cartilage
Elastic cartilage
Fibrocartilage
Bone (ground)
Where can Hyaline cartilage be found? What are the items you should identify in the slide?
Can be found:
Ends of bones
Hyaline cartilages
Be able to locate:
Chondrocytes in lacunae
Collagen fibers
Where can Elastic cartilage be found? What are the items you should identify in the slide?
Can be found:
Pinna of ear
Epiglottis
Be able to locate:
Chondrocytes in lacunae
Elastic fibers
Where can Fibrocartilage be found? What are the items you should identify in the slide?
Can be found:
Intervertebral discs
Pubic symphysis
Be able to locate:
Chondrocytes in lacunae
Collagen fibers
Where can Bone be found? What are the items you should identify in the slide?
Can be found in Skeletal bones
Be able to locate: Osteon Osteocytes in lacunae Central canal (darkest spot) Canaliculi (faint dashes)
