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A&P Lab > Week 2: Epithelial & Connective Tissues > Flashcards

Week 2: Epithelial & Connective Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

What does the first name of an epithelium indicate?

A

Its number of layers

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2
Q

What are the names which indicate the number of layers?

A

Simple
Stratified
Pseudostratified

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3
Q

What does the second name of an epithelium indicate?

A

Its shape

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4
Q

What are the names which indicate an epithelial tissue’s shape?

A

Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar

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5
Q

Epithelial tissue which consists of only one layer

A

Simple epithelia

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6
Q

Epithelial tissue which consists of more than one layer

A

Stratified epithelia

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7
Q

Epithelial shape that is flattened and scalelike

A

Squamous cells

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8
Q

Epithelial shape that is boxlike, approximately as tall as it is wide

A

Cuboidal cells

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9
Q

Epithelial shapes that is tall and column shaped

A

Columnar cells

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10
Q

Does the shape of the nucleus conform to its cell shape? If so, list the differing shapes of each type of cell shape

A

Yes.

Simple cells: nucleus is a flattened disc
Cuboidal cells: nucleus is spherical
Columnar cells: nucleus is elongated from top to bottom and is usually found closer to the cell base

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11
Q

In stratified epithelia, cell shapes differ in its many layers. To avoid ambiguity, stratified epithelia are named according to the shape of the cells in what layer?

A

The apical layer

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12
Q

What is the apical surface?

A

The upper free surface which is exposed to exterior

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13
Q

What is the basal surface?

A

The lower, ATTACHED layer

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14
Q

What does it mean when an epithelia is pseudostratified?

A

It means that it appears stratified but all cells touch the basement membrane

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15
Q

Where can simple squamous epithelium be found?

Why?

What should you memorize visually?

A

Alveoli
Endothelium

Because the single layer allows materials to pass easily such as oxygen in the lung alveoli where protection is not an issue.

Be able to locate:
Nucleus

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16
Q

Where can stratified squamous epithelium be found?

Why?

What should you memorize visually?

A

Epidermis
Oral Cavity

Because protection is needed in high-abrasion areas such as the skin surface and mouth.

Be able to locate:
Apical surface
Basement membrane
Nucleus

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17
Q

Where can simple cuboidal epithelium be found?

Why?

What should you memorize visually?

A

Kidney Tubules
Exocrine gland ducts

Because they allow for secretion and absorption and form the wall of the smallest ducts of glands and of many kidney tubules

Be able to locate:
Apical surface
Basement membrane
Lumen
Nucleus
18
Q

Where can simple columnar epithelium be found?

Why?

What should you memorize visually?

A

Linings of stomach and intestines

Because it lines the digestive tract from the stomach through the rectum and needs to also be able to absorb and secrete.

Be able to locate:
Apical surface
Basement membrane
Nucleus
Goblet cells
19
Q

Where can pseudostratified cilitated columnar epithelium be found?

Why?

What should you memorize visually?

A

Lining of trachea
Nasal Cavity

Because it needs to be able to secrete mucous via goblet cells and absorb substances as well as propel dust-trapping mucous away from the lungs.

Be able to locate:
Apical surface
Basement membrane
Nucleus
Cilia
Goblet cells
20
Q

Where can transitional epithelium be found?

Why?

What should you memorize visually?

A

Lines the ureters
Bladder
part of the urethra

Because it needs to stretch readily to distend the urinary organs, it is highly stretchable.

Be able to locate:
Apical surface
Basement membrane
connective tissue
Looks like stratified squamous and stratified cuboidal except that it has Bulbous cells at the apical surface also.
21
Q

What are the main classes of connective tissue?

A

1) Connective tissue proper (fat and fibrous tissue of ligaments)
2) Cartilage
3) Bone
4) Blood

22
Q

What are the 3 types of fibers found in connective tissue matrix?

A

Collagen
Elastin
Reticular

23
Q

Which fiber is thick and unbranching; faint in appearance, and has crossed linked fibriles which make them incredibly strong?

A

Collagen

24
Q

Which fiber is branched and jagged in appearance; branching extensively creating delicate networks?

A

Reticular (reticul = network)

25
Q

Which fiber has dark thin fibers and is very flexible; long and rubberlike which allows them to stretch and recoil like a rubber band?

A

Elastic

26
Q

What blast is associated with connective tissue proper?

A

Fibroblasts

27
Q

What blast is associated with cartilage?

A

Chondroblast

28
Q

What blast is associated with bone?

A

Osteoblast

29
Q

What tissue types belong in the connective tissue proper category?

A 
Areolar connective (loose fiber arrangement)
Adipose connective (loose fiber arrangement)
Reticular connective (loose fiber arrangement)
Dense regular connective (dense fiber arrangement)(tendon specimen)
30
Q

Where can Areolar connective tissue be found? What are the items you should identify in the slide?

A

Can be found Deep to the epithelia

Be able to locate:
Collagen fibers (thick)
Elastic fibers (thin)
Fibroblasts

31
Q

Where can Adipose connective tissue be found? What are the items you should identify in the slide?

A

Can be found in the Hypodermis and Breasts

Be able to locate:
Adipocytes
Nuclei
Vacuole containing fat

32
Q

Where can Reticular connective tissue be found? What are the items you should identify in the slide?

A

Can be found in the Lymph nodes and Spleen

Be able to locate:
Reticular fibers

33
Q

Where can Dense regular connective tissue be found? What are the items you should identify in the slide?

A

Can be found in the Tendons and Ligaments

Be able to locate:
Collagen fibers
Fibroblast nuclei

34
Q

What tissue types belong in the Fluid/Vascular connective tissue category?

A

Blood

35
Q

Where can Blood be found? What are the items you should identify in the slide?

A

Can be found in Blood vessels

Be able to locate:
Plasma (fluid matrix)
Erythrocytes (red blood cells)
Leukocytes with nuclei (white blood cells)
Platelets (tiny purple clusters)
36
Q

What tissue types belong in the Supportive connective tissue category?

A

Hyaline cartilage
Elastic cartilage
Fibrocartilage
Bone (ground)

37
Q

Where can Hyaline cartilage be found? What are the items you should identify in the slide?

A

Can be found:
Ends of bones
Hyaline cartilages

Be able to locate:
Chondrocytes in lacunae
Collagen fibers

38
Q

Where can Elastic cartilage be found? What are the items you should identify in the slide?

A

Can be found:
Pinna of ear
Epiglottis

Be able to locate:
Chondrocytes in lacunae
Elastic fibers

39
Q

Where can Fibrocartilage be found? What are the items you should identify in the slide?

A

Can be found:
Intervertebral discs
Pubic symphysis

Be able to locate:
Chondrocytes in lacunae
Collagen fibers

40
Q

Where can Bone be found? What are the items you should identify in the slide?

A

Can be found in Skeletal bones

Be able to locate:
Osteon
Osteocytes in lacunae
Central canal (darkest spot)
Canaliculi (faint dashes)

A&P Lab (5 decks)

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