Week 2: Epithelial & Connective Tissues Flashcards
What does the first name of an epithelium indicate?
Its number of layers
What are the names which indicate the number of layers?
Simple
Stratified
Pseudostratified
What does the second name of an epithelium indicate?
Its shape
What are the names which indicate an epithelial tissue’s shape?
Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar
Epithelial tissue which consists of only one layer
Simple epithelia
Epithelial tissue which consists of more than one layer
Stratified epithelia
Epithelial shape that is flattened and scalelike
Squamous cells
Epithelial shape that is boxlike, approximately as tall as it is wide
Cuboidal cells
Epithelial shapes that is tall and column shaped
Columnar cells
Does the shape of the nucleus conform to its cell shape? If so, list the differing shapes of each type of cell shape
Yes.
Simple cells: nucleus is a flattened disc
Cuboidal cells: nucleus is spherical
Columnar cells: nucleus is elongated from top to bottom and is usually found closer to the cell base
In stratified epithelia, cell shapes differ in its many layers. To avoid ambiguity, stratified epithelia are named according to the shape of the cells in what layer?
The apical layer
What is the apical surface?
The upper free surface which is exposed to exterior
What is the basal surface?
The lower, ATTACHED layer
What does it mean when an epithelia is pseudostratified?
It means that it appears stratified but all cells touch the basement membrane
Where can simple squamous epithelium be found?
Why?
What should you memorize visually?
Alveoli
Endothelium
Because the single layer allows materials to pass easily such as oxygen in the lung alveoli where protection is not an issue.
Be able to locate:
Nucleus
Where can stratified squamous epithelium be found?
Why?
What should you memorize visually?
Epidermis
Oral Cavity
Because protection is needed in high-abrasion areas such as the skin surface and mouth.
Be able to locate:
Apical surface
Basement membrane
Nucleus
Where can simple cuboidal epithelium be found?
Why?
What should you memorize visually?
Kidney Tubules
Exocrine gland ducts
Because they allow for secretion and absorption and form the wall of the smallest ducts of glands and of many kidney tubules
Be able to locate: Apical surface Basement membrane Lumen Nucleus
Where can simple columnar epithelium be found?
Why?
What should you memorize visually?
Linings of stomach and intestines
Because it lines the digestive tract from the stomach through the rectum and needs to also be able to absorb and secrete.
Be able to locate: Apical surface Basement membrane Nucleus Goblet cells
Where can pseudostratified cilitated columnar epithelium be found?
Why?
What should you memorize visually?
Lining of trachea
Nasal Cavity
Because it needs to be able to secrete mucous via goblet cells and absorb substances as well as propel dust-trapping mucous away from the lungs.
Be able to locate: Apical surface Basement membrane Nucleus Cilia Goblet cells
Where can transitional epithelium be found?
Why?
What should you memorize visually?
Lines the ureters
Bladder
part of the urethra
Because it needs to stretch readily to distend the urinary organs, it is highly stretchable.
Be able to locate: Apical surface Basement membrane connective tissue Looks like stratified squamous and stratified cuboidal except that it has Bulbous cells at the apical surface also.
What are the main classes of connective tissue?
1) Connective tissue proper (fat and fibrous tissue of ligaments)
2) Cartilage
3) Bone
4) Blood
What are the 3 types of fibers found in connective tissue matrix?
Collagen
Elastin
Reticular
Which fiber is thick and unbranching; faint in appearance, and has crossed linked fibriles which make them incredibly strong?
Collagen
Which fiber is branched and jagged in appearance; branching extensively creating delicate networks?
Reticular (reticul = network)
