Week 2 Elements of CDM- Asking a good clinical question

Question 1

what are some key elements in a well-built clinical question

Answer 1

type of question and type of study

Question 2

what study type would you use for a diagnosis question

Answer 2

prospective, blind comparison to a gold standard or cross sectional

Question 3

what study type would you use for a therapy question

Answer 3

randomized controlled trial > cohort study

Question 4

what study type would you use for a prognosis question

Answer 4

cohort study > case control > case series

Question 5

what study type would you use for a harm/etiology question

Answer 5

cohort > case control > case series

Question 6

what type of question is this: “ can antivirals prevent recurrent herpes labialis?”

Answer 6

therapy

Question 7

what type of question is this: “which is more accurate for identifying caries: radiographic exam or diagnodent?”

Answer 7

diagnosis

Question 8

what type of question is this: “which is more effective in reducing caries- fluoride varnish or sealants?”

Answer 8

therapy

Question 9

what type of question is this: “ for patients with type 2 diabetes and severe generalized periodontal bone lass, what is the likelihood of losing molar teeth?”

Answer 9

prognosis

Question 10

what type of question is this: “does frequent consumption of carbonated beverages increase the risk of enamel erosion?”

Answer 10

etiology

Question 11

what type of question is this: “should thir dmolars be routinely removed to prevent crowding?”

Answer 11

therapy or etiology

Question 12

why is it important to develop critical thinking skills

Answer 12

-your memory of what you learned fades
- new innovations are developed
- new guidelines are issued
-you start to become out of date

Question 13

the oral health provider who is competent in critical thinking and problem solving does what…?

Answer 13

-convert information needs to ASK a searchable question
- search with maximum efficiency to ACQUIRE best evidence to answer the question
- critically APPRAISE the evidence
- APPLY the results of the evidence in clinical practice
- ASSESS your clinical decision making skills

Question 14

what does PICO stand for

Answer 14

P- problem/patient/population
I- intervention
C- comparison
O- outcome

Question 15

how do you draft your question

Answer 15

for a (patient/population/problem), will (intervention) compared to (comparison) produce (outcome)

Question 16

what part of the PICO is optional

Answer 16

the C- comparison

Question 17

when searching for evidence what order should you use of PICO

Answer 17

I + C + P + O

Question 18

what is the most common things to search in PICO

Answer 18

the I and the C

Question 19

whats the difference between a clinical question and a hypothesis

Answer 19

a clinical question has a question mark a hypothesis has a period

Question 20

what is a logical fallacy

Answer 20

an error in logical argumentation

Question 21

what is cognitive bias

Answer 21

a genuine deficiency or limitation in our thinking- a flaw in judgement that arises from errors memory, social attribution, or miscalculation

Question 22

what is the bandwagon effect

Answer 22

the tendency to do things because many other people do the same
- herd instinct

Question 23

what is confirmation bias

Answer 23

-looking for and valuing information that confirms what we believe

Question 24

what is gamblers fallacy

Answer 24

-putting a tremendous amount of weight on previous events

Question 25

what is interviewer bias

Answer 25

the distortion of response to an interview with results from differential reactions to eh style and personality of the interviewer or to their presentation of questions

Question 26

what is normalcy bias

Answer 26

the refusal to plan for or react to a disaster which has never happened before

Question 27

what is measurement bias

Answer 27

systematically overtating or understating the true value of a measurement

Question 28

what is negativity bias

Answer 28

paying more attention to negative news or perceiving it to be more important

Question 29

what is normalcy bias

Answer 29

the refusal to plan for, or react to, a disaster which has never happened before, like a fire or flood

Question 30

what is observation selection bias

Answer 30

suddenly noticing things that you did not notice before and wrongly assuming the frequency has increased

Question 31

what is performance bias

Answer 31

when one group of subjects get more attention that another group which results in differences between groups

Question 32

what is positive expectation bias

Answer 32

a sense that our luck has to eventually change

Question 33

what is publication bias

Answer 33

when the outcome of a study influences the decision whether to publish it

Question 34

what is question order

Answer 34

inadvertently influencing responses due to the order questions are asked

Question 35

what is recall bias

Answer 35

participants to not remember previous events or experiences accurately

Question 36

what is respondent fatigue bias

Answer 36

a phenomenon that occurs when survey participants become tired which results in the quality of data deteriorating

Question 37

what is response bias

Answer 37

a tendency for participants to answer questions untruthfully or inaccurately

Question 38

what is sampling/selection bias

Answer 38

sample obtained is not reflective of the target population

Question 39

what is sponsor bias

Answer 39

study outcomes that support the interests of the study’s financial sponsor

Question 40

what is status quo bias

Answer 40

making choices that guarantee things remain the same or change as little a possible

Question 41

what is verification bias

Answer 41

outcomes more likely to be found in treatment group due to investigators knowing which person is in experimental and control groups