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6 PNS > WEEK 2 DERMATOMES & REFLEXES > Flashcards

WEEK 2 DERMATOMES & REFLEXES Flashcards

1
Q

What is a strip of skin innervated by a single spinal nerve?

A

Dermatome

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2
Q

Limb buds are ____

A

Bordered to eahother

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3
Q

Upper Arm dermatome =

A

C5

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4
Q

What segments of the dermatome can overlap?

A

Segment 1 and 3, but it’s to ensure you get full coverage, you have to be aware of the overlap so every part of body is covered

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5
Q

What is a sensory receptor?

A

Cell that responds to a stimulus

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6
Q

What is a receptive field?

A

Territory from which a sensory unit can be excited

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7
Q

What is a sensory unit?

A

Receptors (all the little nerve endings) and a sensory neuron, similar to a motor unit.

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8
Q

What is a territory field?

A

The field in which that sensory unit can be excited

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9
Q

Describe neurons in finger tip vs quad:

A

You need a lot of neurons involved in the finger tip, and this would be a much SMALLER receptive field, whereas the elbow or quad doesn’t need many sensory units, so it would have a larger receptive field

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10
Q

What is sensory transduction?

A

The transformation of a stimulus into an electrical signal

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11
Q

Discriminative touch and kinesthetic stimuli are carried by _____

A

Myelinated type A axons

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12
Q

Pain, touch, and temperature are carried by _____

A

Unmyelinated type C axons

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13
Q

Rapidly adapting receptors (Phasic) respond how?

A

Quickly and Maximally (even if the stimulus is still there they will stop) - hat on head

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14
Q

Slowly adapting receptors aka

A

TONIC

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15
Q

How do Slowly adapting receptors (tonic) respond to a stimulus?

A

Continue to respond, activation isn’t as strong or as great as fast acting, but they’re always there

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16
Q

What is stimulation from outside environment?

A

Exteroceptor

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17
Q

What is stimuli from an internal environment?

A

Interoceptor

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18
Q

What are position sense based stimuli “measures around the joint, often balance?”

A

Proprioceptor

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19
Q

Nociceptor =

A

Pain

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20
Q

Thermoceptor =

A

Temperature

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21
Q

Mechanoceptor =

A

Physical deformation. Receptors get twisted, pulled, changed somehow thus causing a response

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22
Q

What type of receptor types do pain and temperature have?

A

Free endings

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23
Q

What receptor wraps around hair follicles and when the hair moves this stimulates a response?

A

Follicular

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24
Q

Are follicular receptor types Rapidly Adapting or Slow Adapting?

A

RAPID (don’t want to waste energy constantly responding to the hat your wearing)

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25
Q

Merkel cells are a key component in?

A

Edge detecting

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26
Q

What are modified epidermal cells which are part of the epidermis?

A

Merkel cell (responds to pressure)

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27
Q

Free nerve endings of the Merkel cell have “puffed” out areas called ______

A

Merkel Discs

28
Q

What 3 types of receptors are “Encapsulated?”

A

Meissner’s, Ruffini’s, Pacinian

29
Q

What do Meissner’s receptors respond to?

A

Light touch, they are located in the papillary part close to the surface, therefore they don’t need much pressure to be stimulated

30
Q

Meissner’s receptors are SA or RA?

A

RA

31
Q

Ruffini’s receptors respond to what?

A

In addition to touch, PRESSURE, and vibration, there are mechanoreceptors responsible for the sensation of the stretch of your skin, sustained pressure on the skin, and the perception of heat. “SHEARING” (drag)

32
Q

Ruffini’s receptors are SA or RA?

A

SA

33
Q

Pacinian receptors are associated with what?

A

Vibration. They are very deep, and vibration is multiple tiny stimuli, it is a continuous type of stimuli

34
Q

Pacinian is RA or SA?

A

RA

35
Q

What is a predictable response to a stimulus?

A

Reflex

36
Q

What is the basic form of a reflex?

A

Sensory limb and motor limb

37
Q

What is a sensory unit?

A

Stem fiber and all of its endings (all the endings are receptors)

38
Q

What is the functional unit of the motor system?

A

Motor unit

39
Q

What is a motor unit comprised of?

A

An alpha motor neuron and the muscle fibers in it

40
Q

Describe the rule of motor units:

A

Areas that need intricate movements need more neurons, each neuron will go to FEWER motor fibers

41
Q

For grosser movements (quad movement), each neuron ____

A

can go to MORE muscle fibers

42
Q

What is a muscle spindle?

A

A type of stretch receptor

43
Q

What is the role of striations in a muscle?

A

All the nuclei are gathered in the middle, the striations are at the ends. Striations indicate they’re contractile (only ends contract)

44
Q

Intrafusal muscle fibers are associated with?

A

Gamma A motor neurons and modification (inside of the spindle)

45
Q

Extrafusal muscle fibers are associated with?

A

Alpha A motor neurons (outside of the spindle) = Typical muscle fibers

46
Q

Primary =

A

Anulospiral

47
Q

Secondary =

A

Flower spray endings

48
Q

Primary (annulospiral endings control) ?

A

Rate of stretch (speed)

49
Q

Secondary (flower spray endins) control ?

A

Degree of stretch (length)

50
Q

Sensory innervation wraps around _____

A

the nuclear bag and chain

51
Q

Muscle spindles are ______

A

stretch receptors

52
Q

Active muscle spindles are prodcued by?

A

Fusimotor fibers

53
Q

Passive muscle spindles are ?

A

knee jerk, monosynaptic, and polysynaptic

54
Q

A passive knee jerk =

A

Tendon is stretched

55
Q

A monosynaptic =

A

Excitatory

56
Q

A polysynaptic =

A

Inhibitory to antagonistic muscle

57
Q

Where are golgi tendon organs found?

A

Muscle tendon junctions

58
Q

What do golgi tendons measure?

A

Force of the contraction

59
Q

Golgi tendon organs are associated with?

A

Autogenic inhibition

60
Q

What protects the muscle from excessive contraction?

A

Golgi tendon organs

61
Q

What controls fine adjustments in the force of muscle contraction?

A

Golgi tendon organs (protects muscle, and stops tearing tendon off bone)

62
Q

What is the innervation of joints?

A

Freely ending unmyelinated nerve fibers in ligaments, capsules and menisci

63
Q

Innervation of joints deals with pain, what is that?

A

nociception

64
Q

Innervation of joints is an excitatory reflex T/F?

A

true

65
Q

Flexor reflex/withdrawal reflex ______

A

Involves the whole limb, therefore several spinal segments

66
Q

Describe the “Crossed Effect” in the flexor reflex/withdrawal:

A

Simultaneous and opposite pattern of activity in the contralateral limb

67
Q

Sensory info from joints, muscle, and skin are integrated where?

A

Parietal lobe

6 PNS (3 decks)

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