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6 PNS > WEEK 1 LECTURE 1 "NEURON HISTOLOGY" > Flashcards

WEEK 1 LECTURE 1 "NEURON HISTOLOGY" Flashcards

1
Q

What does the nucleus contain?

A

The chromosomes

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2
Q

Describe the membrane of the nucleus:

A

The membrane is double layered phospholipids with pores

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3
Q

What are Nissl Bodies?

A

A Nissl body, also known as Nissl substance, is a large granular body found in neurons. These granules are of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) with rosettes of free ribosomes, and are the site of protein synthesis

  • Located in the rough ER, SYNTHESIZES PROTEIN
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4
Q

What do the golgi bodies form?

A

Glycoproteins and Lysosomes, made for storage

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5
Q

What shape are mitochondria?

A

Rod

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6
Q

Does mitochondria have a single or double membrane?

A

double

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7
Q

What is the inner membrane of mitochondria?

A

Folded

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8
Q

What is Mitochondria used for?

A

Energy production

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9
Q

What are microtubules function?

A

Microtubules are conveyer belts inside the cells. They move vesicles, granules, organelles like mitochondria, and chromosomes via special attachment proteins. They also serve a cytoskeletal role. Structurally, they are linear polymers of tubulin which is a globular protein.

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10
Q

What are microfilaments function?

A

The Function Of Microfilaments. Microfilaments, or actin filaments, are the thinnest filaments of the cytoskeleton and are found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. The polymers of these linear filaments are flexible but still strong, resisting crushing and buckling while providing support to the cell.

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11
Q

What are microfibrils function?

A

A microfibril is a very fine fibril, or fiber-like strand, consisting of glycoproteins and cellulose. It is usually, but not always, used as a general term in describing the structure of protein fiber, e.g. hair and sperm tail. … Cellulose microfibrils are laid down in the inner surface of the primary cell wall.

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12
Q

What are the 3 things that help form the cytoskeleton?

A

microtubules, microfilaments, and microfibrils

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13
Q

What forms the frame of the neuron?

A

Cytoskeleton

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14
Q

What does the cytoskeleton help in ?

A

Transport

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15
Q

Does an axon have nissl bodies?

A

NO

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16
Q

What does a “neuropil” associated with?

A

Field of axons, dendrites, and glial processes

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17
Q

T/F, Larger axons conduct action potentials faster than smaller axons?

A

TRUE

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18
Q

T/F, Unmyelinated fibers conduct faster than myelinated fibers?

A

false, it’s the opposite

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19
Q

In the classification of fibers, motor are either ____ or _____

A

alpha or gamma

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20
Q

What are the types of nerve injuries?

A
  • Cut end
  • Crushed fiber
  • Wallerian degeneration
  • Chromatolysis
  • Regeneration
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21
Q

Where are cell bodies of motor neurons located in?

A

CNS

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22
Q

The cell bodies of sensory neurons are located where?

A

PNS in the DRG

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23
Q

Preganglionic sympathetic neurons are in the ____ ?

A

CNS, lateral horn from T1-L2

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24
Q

Post ganglionic sympathetic neurons are in the ___ ?

A

PNS

  • Collateral ganglia, para/pre - vertebral ganglia
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25
Q

Basal ganglia is what type of structure?

A

CNS

26
Q

Nuclei is an accumulation of cell bodies in the __ ?

A

CNS

27
Q

What is the most common cell type?

A

Multipolar

28
Q

Where are multipolar neurons found?

A

Motor neurons and interneurons

29
Q

Bipolar neurons are usually seen where?

A

As interneurons in the sensory system

30
Q

Describe pseudounipolar neurons:

A

Modified bipolar, and are usually sensory neurons

31
Q

Schwann cells myelinate fibers where?

A

In the PNS

32
Q

Oligodendrocytes myelinate fibers where?

A

In the CNS

33
Q

Schwann cells do what?

A

hold fibers in place in the PNS

34
Q

Endoneurium = _____

A

one fiber

35
Q

Group of fibers is called a ______

A

Fasicle

36
Q

Epineurium means:

A

Many fibers

37
Q

Many fascicles combine to form what?

A

the nerve

38
Q

Epineurium is essentially the _____

A

nerve covering

39
Q

What are golgi bodies made up of?

A

Phsopholipid membrane

40
Q

Describe the route of the vesicles:

A

Little vesicles go from the rough ER to golgi apparatus, once they reach the golgi body they store the protein, they can use protein to make other stuff

41
Q

What is a lysosome?

A

a vesicle that contains enzymes

42
Q

What do lysosomes break off of?

A

Gogli body and then go to cell membrane

43
Q

Tubules are bigger or smaller than fibrils?

A

bigger

44
Q

What can a cytoskeleton do?

A

Tie things down and form tracts for things to travel along

45
Q

Neurons have protrusions called?

A

Processes

46
Q

Do dendrites have nissl bodies?

A

YES

47
Q

Neuropil is a field that ____ ?

A

Is where the cell bodies lie

48
Q

Alpha motor neurons go to the ____

A

Muscle

49
Q

Gamma motor neurons are _____

A

Stretch receptors

50
Q

What type of fibers are “C” fibers that are unmyelinated?

A

Pain, temp, touch, postganglionic autonomic

51
Q

Preganglionic Autonomic are what type of fiber?

A

B

52
Q

1a Sensory and Postganglionic Autonomic is classified as?

A

Muscle spindle (annulospiral) - Sensory part of stretch receptor

53
Q

Describe wallerian degeneration

A

Wallerian degeneration is a process that results when a nerve fiber is cut or crushed and the part of the axon distal to the injury (i.e. farther from the neuron’s cell body) degenerates. This is also known as anterograde or orthograde degeneration.

54
Q

Around the nucleus you get a halo that is light in color and is called ____ ?

A

Chromatolysis

55
Q

What is chromatolysis?

A

Chromatolysis is the dissolution of the Nissl bodies in the cell body of a neuron. It is an induced response of the cell usually triggered by axotomy, ischemia, toxicity to the cell, cell exhaustion, virus infections, and hibernation in lower vertebrates.

56
Q

Anterograde starts _____ and ends ____ ?

A

Starts at the cell body and goes to terminal, whereas

RETROGRADE: starts at terminal and goes back up to cell body

57
Q

Synaptic cleft has what?

A

Enzymes that break down the neurotransmitter

58
Q

Describe the ventricular zone:

A

Stem cells are located here, they can become anything, their goal is to reproduce

59
Q

Describe the Intermediate Zone:

A

Not quite mature, but have a direction

60
Q

Marginal zone:

A

MATURE (fully) and know what they are doing

  • A lot larger than others

6 PNS (3 decks)

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