WEEK 1 LECTURE 2 "GLIAL CELLS"

Question 1

What are the Neuroglia cells?

Answer 1

SUPPORTING CELLS

• Oligodendrocytes (myelin)
• Astrocytes (endothelia)
  
  • Protoplasmic
  • Fibrous
• Ependymal (line ventricles)
• Microglia (phagocytes)
• Schwann Cells (Peripheral)

Question 2

What is the most numerous glial cell?

Answer 2

Astrocyte

Question 3

What does the astrocyte do?

Answer 3

Provide mechanical and metabolic support to the neurons

• Mechanical: Physical, they take up a lot of the space between neurons
• Metabolic: Physiological support, help exchange ions between neurons and interstitial fluid and area (neurons in capillaries)

Question 4

What does an Oligodendrocyte do?

Answer 4

Wraps around axons and creates several layers of phsopholipid membrane which myelinates the axon

• one cell myelinates 4 different axons

Question 5

What cells respond to injury?

Answer 5

Astrocytes

Question 6

There are 2 types of astrocytes, what are they?

Answer 6

• PROTOPLASMIC
  
  • Grey matter
• FIBROUS
  
  • White matter

Question 7

Describe the capillaries in astrocytes:

Answer 7

Capillaries are loosely attached for the most part, but its tight in the brain because you don’t want bacteria or blood flow to get lost

Question 8

Ependymal cells produce what?

Answer 8

CSF and move it as well

Question 9

What forms the choroid plexus?

Answer 9

Ependymal cells

Question 10

What type of epithelia are ependymal cells?

Answer 10

Ciliated pseudo stratified epithelia

Question 11

CSF will erode what?

Answer 11

The ependymal cells which will give rise to the basal cells when they mature

Question 12

Basal cells replace what?

Answer 12

Ependymal cells and are immature ependymal cells

Question 13

What cells are associated with stem cells?

Answer 13

Ependymal

Question 14

What cells are phagocytic, nomadic and like white blood cells?

Answer 14

Microglia

Question 15

What are microglia derived from?

Answer 15

Nerve tissue

Question 16

What is like “the immune system for the nervous system?”

Answer 16

Microglia

Question 17

Describe what antigens do in the case of ALS:

Answer 17

Antigens cause distress, and the neurons that comes in sends out an SOS to the microglial cells, more microglial cells come in and transform (hulk out). Transfroms into a cell that engulfs and eats the antigens

Question 18

One schwann cell can only myelinate….?

Answer 18

Only myelinate a small amount of axon, whereas the oligodendrocyte can cover more ground

Question 19

What facilitates regrowth of axons?

Answer 19

Schwann cells

Question 20

What regulates neuron metabolism?

Answer 20

Schwann cells

Question 21

What does the nodes of ranvier allow?

Answer 21

Signal to skip and go faster

• Larger the gap, slower the signal

Question 22

What is a satellite cell?

Answer 22

Modified schwann cells that are around the pseudounipolar neuron

Question 23

What is a flattened schwann cell?

Answer 23

Satellite cell

Question 24

What are analogous to astrocytes?

Answer 24

Satellite cell

Question 25

What does myelination defect do?

Answer 25

* Auto immune * Weakness * Loss of Reflex * Numb feeling

Question 26

Multiple sclerosis affects the _____ whereas Guillan-Barre syndrome affects the _____ ?

Answer 26

1. CNS 2. PNS

Question 27

How is Guillain-Barre syndrome ignited?

Answer 27

By a previous infection, or previous immune event

Question 28

Describe Guillain-Barre syndrome:

Answer 28

* It is believed to be an immunological reacton resulting from a prior infection * Progressive motor weakness * Sensory Loss * Areflexia

Question 29

What is the most common glioma?

Answer 29

**Astrocytoma 23%**

Question 30

What are the 3 types of gliomas?

Answer 30

1. Astrocytomas 2. Ependyomas 3. Oligodendrogliomas 1. 3% of all brain tumors

Question 31

Glioma aka?

Answer 31

Brain Cancer