Week 2 - Cranial Nerves Flashcards
accessory nerve CN XI
originates from upper segments of spinal cord, enters cranial cavity through foramen magnum, exits cranial cavity through jugular foramen, supplies sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
vagus nerve CN X - special visceral efferents
motor to muscles of pharyx and larynx (except stylopharyngeus), lesions on vagus nerve can cause hoarseness
vagus nerve CN X - general visceral afferents
sensory to larynx and inferior part of pharynx, cell bodies in superior and inferior vagal ganglia
Arnold’s nerve
auricular branch of vagus nerve off of vagal ganglia
vestibulochlear nerve CN VIII - special somatic afferents (hearing / balance)
spiral ganglion in cochlea - bipolar cells carry hearing from hair cells to cochlear nuclei in brain stem, vestibular ganglion with vestibular apparatus - bipolar cells carry balance from semicircular canals to vestibular nuclei in brain stem and cerebrellum
vagus nerve CN X - general visceral afferents
sensory of heart and GI, cell bodies in vagal ganglion
ciliary ganglion
parasympathetic fibers from CN III to ciliary muscle and constrictor of pupil (smooth muscle), sensory from CN V1 to eyeball as short ciliary nerves
trigeminal nerve CN V
sensory to face / oral / nasal cavities - sensory cell bodies in trigeminal ganglion, motor to muscles of mastication, innervates structures from first pharyngeal arch
V1 - ophthalmic nerve
from trigeminal nerve, sensory to eye, nasal cavity, ethmoid sinus, forehead
V2 - maxillary nerve
from trigeminal nerve, sensory to maxillary area of face
V3 - mandibular nerve
from trigeminal nerve, sensory and motor to mandibular area
facial nerve CN VII - general visceral efferent
parasympathetic, superior salivatory nucleus through internal acoustic meatus, branch becomes greater petrosal nerve to pterygopalatine ganglion, postganglionic fibers through V2 maxillary nerve, lacrimal gland receives secretomotor fibers from pterygopalatine ganglion
ciliary ganglion
parasympathetics from CN III to short ciliary nerves to ciliary muscles and pupillary sphincter, sympathetic fibers from superior cervical ganglion to dilator pupillae via short ciliary nerves, sensory fibers from V1 to eye via shot ciliary nerves; only parasympathetic cell bodies
CN V - trigeminal
1st order general somatic sensory cell bodies in trigeminal ganglion, synapse in chief sensory nucleus in pons, cross over and ascend to VPM
CN V - trigeminal
mesencephalic nucleus in pons, pseudounipolar cell bodies for proprioception of chewing
