Week 2 - Circulatory system

Question 1

What’s the circulatory system?

Answer 1

Extensive system composed of blood vessels and the heart

Question 2

What’s a double circulatory system in mammals?

Answer 2

1. System carries blood from heart to lungs and back

2. System carries blood to all other organs and back.

Question 3

What does pulmonary relate to?

Answer 3

Towards lungs

Question 4

What does systematic relate to?

Answer 4

Towards body

Question 5

What is Pulmonary circulation?

Answer 5

Transport of oxygen from lungs to heart and C02 from heart to lungs.

Question 6

What is systematic circulation?

Answer 6

Transport of oxygen to heart and body cells. And transport of C02 from body cells to heart.

Question 7

What are the 3 functions of the circulatory system?

Answer 7

Transport (e.g hormones)/Regulation (volume of fluid in circulation)/Protection (e.g platelets from clotting).

Question 8

What supplies heart muscle with oxygenated blood?

Answer 8

Coronary arteries

Question 9

What controls the heart?

Answer 9

• Heart rate set by sinoatrial node (SAN)
• Impulse slowed down at atrioventricular node (AVN)
• Impulse is recovered and propogated by the purkyte fibres

Question 10

What’s a P wave?

Answer 10

electrical charge spreading across atria

Question 11

What’s a QRS complex?

Answer 11

Electrical charge spreading upwards through ventricles

Question 12

What’s a T wave?

Answer 12

Ventricles relax and return to resting state

Question 13

What’s an ST Segment?

Answer 13

Period when no further electrical charge passes through the heart.

Question 14

How are arteries compared to veins?

Answer 14

Thicker, more elastic wall, no valves, narrower lumen so higher blood pressure maintained, muscle coat in arteries is thicker.

Question 15

What causes vein blood to flow in spurts?

Answer 15

Skeletal muscles contracting

Question 16

Other name for red blood cells?

Answer 16

erythrocytes

Question 17

Function of arteries and features?

Not compared to veins card

Answer 17

• Carries blood away from heart to organs
• Stretch as blood passes through and then recoils back into shape
• Thick walls with muscle and elastic fibres

Question 18

Function of capillaries and features?

Answer 18

• Network of tiny vessels linking arteries to veins
• Narrow with very thin walls
• Enables easy diffusion
• Substances pass easily into blood through capillary walls

Question 19

How are capillaries specialised?

Answer 19

• Allow exchange of materials
• One cell of endothelium cells
• Diameter of lumen is same size as red blood cell

Question 20

Functions of veins? And features?

Answer 20

• Carries blood away from organs towards heart
• Blood low in oxygen in oxygen is deep purple red
• Thinner walls than arteries so less hydrostatic pressure
• Valves that close to prevent backflow
• Skeletal muscle squeezes veins blood back towards heart

Question 21

How can coronary heart disease lead to death?

Answer 21

During the disease coronary arteries can become narrow due to fat build up in vessel lining.
So blood flow is reduced therefore oxygen supply is reduced
Can cause pain, heart attack or even death as heart muscle doesn’t get enough oxygen so starts dying.

Question 22

What are some of the main components of blood?

Answer 22

White blood cells.plasma, platelets, red blood cells

Question 23

What happens in haemoglobin?

Answer 23

Oxygen binds to one haem group. This enhances binding of oxygen on other three sites ensuring haemoglobin molecule becomes saturated.

Question 24

How many haemoglobin in a red blood cell?

Answer 24

250 million haemoglobin in each red blood cell.

Question 25

Simplistic process of blood clotting to avoid infection by pathogens?

Answer 25

Damage to tissue > platelets collect in damaged area > platelets release clotting factor prothrombin activator.

Question 26

Simple process of blood transport in heart?

Answer 26

1. Deoxygenated blood enters right atrium and passes into right ventricle
2. Pumped to lungs
3. Oxygenated blood enters the left atrium and passes into left ventricle
4. Pumped via the aorta to the rest of the body.

Question 27

Find the labelled heart in Moodle powerpoint and learn it.

Answer 27

Yeah.

Question 28

Process of an impulse across a heart?

Answer 28

1. Electrical impulses from the SAN spread across atria walls, causing contraction
2. Impulses pass to ventricles via the ANV
3. Impulses pass down the purkyne fibres to heart apex
4. Impulses spread through ventricle walls causing contraction from bottom upwards. Blood is squeezed (contracted) into arteries.

Question 29

Vena Cava - Transports what? Where?

Answer 29

de-oxygenated blood from body to right atria of heart.

Question 30

Pulmonary vein - Transport what? Where?

Answer 30

Oxygenated blood from lungs to left atria of heart.

Question 31

Pulmonary artery - Transport what? Where?

Answer 31

Deoxygenated blood from away from right ventricle of heart to lungs.

Question 32

Aorta - Transport what? Where?

Answer 32

Transport oxygenated blood from left ventricle of heart to rest of body.

Question 33

Coronary artery - Transport what? Where?

Answer 33

Supplies cardiac muscle with oxygenated blood.