Week 2 - Ch 3,4,5,6,14 Flashcards
Topical route of administration
drug is applied directly to the skin or the eyes or ears
11 routes of drug administration
Topical, transdermal, oral, sublingual or buccal, nasal, inhalation, nasogastric, gastrostomy or jujunostomy, vaginal, rectal, parenteral or intradermal or subcutaneous or intramuscular or intravenous
Transdermal route of administration
Applied to the skin but the therapeutic affect is felt systemically
Oral route of administration
Placing the drug in the mouth and swallowing it
Sublingual route of administration
Placing the drug under the tongue and allowing it to slowly disintegrate
Buccal route of administration
Placing the drug in the pocket between the cheek and the lower teeth on one side of the mouth and allowing it to slowing disintegrate
Nasal route of administration
Spraying a drug into the nasal cavity
Inhalation route of administration
A drug that is in a gas, liquid, or powder form, absorbed through the alveoli of the lungs
Nasogastric route of administration
Tube is passed from the nose through the esophagus and into the stomach
Gastrostomy and jujunostomy route of administration
Using a surgically implanted feeding tube
Vaginal route of administration
For vaginal infections and contraceptive forms
Rectal route of administration
Used when a patient is vomiting, unconscious, or the drug can not be given by injections
Parenteral route of administration
All routes of administration other than oral
Intradermal route of administration
Using a syringe to inject a liquid into the dermis
Subcutaneous route of administration
Using a syringe to inject a liquid drug into the subcutaneous tissues
Intramuscular route of administration
Injection of a liquid drug into the belly
Intravenous route of administration
Injection of a liquid into a vein
The drug’s main action for which it was prescribed by the physician or other healthcare provider
Therapeutic effect
Drug effects other than the therapeutic effect, can be mild and temporary, moderate and annoying, or severe enough that the patient must stop taking the drug
Side effect
Severs side effects
Adverse effects
Specific area of the body that has the disease
Target organ
Addiction
Chemical dependency on a drug
Ampule
Small, slender, glass container with a main body and a narrow elongated neck. Contains liquid drugs used for injection or IV administration
Solutions that contain the drug in water and alcohol bases with added sugar and flavoring
Elixir
Tablet form of a drug formed from a hardened base of sugar and water containing the drug and other flavorings
Lozenge
Placebo
A drug form that exerts no pharmacological effect, no therapeutic effect, and no side effects when administered
Prophylaxis
Prevention of a disease or condition, drug is administered before the onset of the disease or conditions in order to prevent its occurrence
Transdermal patch
Contains drugs and are applied to the skin, releases a small amount of drug over a long period of time, usually for 1 or 2 days
4 types of medication orders
Medication order, verbal order, standing order, automatic stop order
The written record of a physician’s order to the pharmacist to dispense a drug to a patient who is in a hospital or other healthcare facility
Medication order
When a patient has been admitted to the hospital, the physician can give this order over the phone to a licensed nurse, who then writes the order on the physician’s order sheet, and signs her name and the initials of her license
Verbal order
A group of specific orders that are pre printed on a facility’s physician’s order sheet
Standing order
Type of medication order that originates not with the physician but with the hospital pharmacy, valid for a certain number of days
Automatic stop order
Components of medication orders
Prescriber info, patient info, age and weight, date of order, rx, drug name, drug strength, drug form, qty, directions, signature, refills, generic substitution, DEA number
3 common metric abbreviations used in drug dosages
ml, gm, cc
Drug measurement system of units
The doses of certain drugs are my ever measured by the metric system but instead by a special designation
Drugs measured by units
Penicillins, some vitamins, all types of insulin
Bid
Twice daily
Npo
Nothing by mouth
PRN
As needed
QD
Every day
Qhs
At bedtime
Qid
Four times a day
Qod
Every other day
TID
Three times a day
Insulin drugs take in the morning or before eating, onset of therapeutic effect is almost immediate, effects last 2-12 hours
Rapid acting insulin drugs
Insulin drugs with slower onset but longer effects, onset in 1-2 hours, effects last 24 hours
Intermediate acting insulin drugs
Insulin drugs with onset over an hour, effects last for a full 24 hours
Long acting insulin drugs
Insulin drug mixture of intermediate acting and rapid acting, intermediate listed first
Combination insulin drugs
Types of insulin drugs
Rapid acting, intermediate acting, long acting, combination
Types of oral antidiabetic drugs
Sulfonylurea, Meglitinide, thiazolidinedione, alpha glucosidse inhibitor, biguanide, DPP-4 inhibitor, combination
Oral antidiabetic drug that stimulates the bets cells of the pancreas to produce more insulin
Sulfonylurea
Oral antidiabetic drug that stimulates the beta cells of the pancreas to produce more insulin
Meglitinide
Oral antidiabetic drug that inhibits the action of certain enzymes that digest carbohydrates, thus less glucose enters the blood, and the pancreas does not need to produce as much insulin to keep blood glucose low
Alpha glucosidase inhibitor
Oral antidiabetic drug that increases the sensitivity of the cell to any insulin produced by the pancreas and suppresses the release of stored glucose from the liver. Maintain normal level of glucose without increasing insulin production
Thiazolidinedione
Oral antidiabetic drug that decreases the absorption of glucose from the intestine, suppresses the release of stored glucose in the liver, and improves the ability of the cells to use the insulin that is produced by the pancreas
Biguanide
Oral antidiabetic drug that prolongs the action of the hormones glp-1 and gip that stimulate the beta cells of the pancreas to make more insulin
DPP-4 inhibitor
Slows the rate at which food leaves the stomach, suppresses the release of stored glucose from the liver, and work in the brain to decrease the appetite
Aylin analog
Improves blood glucose control in patient’s with type 2 diabetes
Bile acid sequestrant
Mimic a substance that stimulates the beta cells of the pancreas to produce insulin only when the blood glucose is high
Incretin mimetic
Actoplus Met
Combination oral antidiabetic drug
Actos
Thiazolidinedione oral antidiabetic drug
Avandamet
Combination oral antidiabetic drug
Avandia
Thiazolidinedione oral antidiabetic drug
Byetta
Incretin mimetic antidiabetic drug
Glimepiride
Sulfonylurea oral antidiabetic drug
Glipizide
Sulfonylurea oral antidiabetic drug
Glyburide/metformin
Combination oral antidiabetic drug
Glyburide
Sulfonylurea oral antidiabetic drug
Humalog
Rapid acting insulin
Humulin 70/30
Combination insulin
Humulin N
Intermediate acting insulin
Janumet
Combination oral antidiabetic drug
Januvia
DPP-4 inhibitor oral antidiabetic drug
Lantus
Long acting insulin
Levemir
Long acting insulin
Metformin
Biguanide oral antidiabetic drug
Novolin 70/30
Combination insulin
NovoLog 70/30
Combination insulin
NovoLog
Rapid acting insulin
Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by ….. resulting from defects in …,…., or…
Hyperglycemia
Insulin secretion, insulin action, or both
Type 1 diabetes
Total lack of insulin, IDDM, juvenile onset diabetes
Type 2 diabetes
Deficiency of insulin, NIDDM, adult onset diabetes
Insulin
Enables cells to utilize glucose (sugar) as an energy source
Sources of insulin
Animal - beef or pork pancreas
Synthetic - human like
Patent length
17 years
