Week 2: CH 2,3,6,7 Flashcards
What are the components of the psychotherapeutic management model.
Nurse-Patient relationship, psychopharmacology, and milieu management
Explain the psychotherapeutic management model
- Therapeutic Nurse-Patient Relationship: communication skills. Respect and a desire to help. Understanding: mental mechanisms, adaptation styles, coping strategies, therapeutic intervention skills.
- Psychopharmacology: therapeutic versus toxic dosage levels. Use during pregnancy. Use with older adults. Side effects. Interactions. Patient teaching.
- Milieu Management: safety, structure, norms, limit setting, balance, environmental modification
What is the continuum of care?
Provides individuals with a wide range of treatment options.
First step after a mental health problem is suspected is to confirm its existence.
It identifies residential services, outpatient services, and self-help resources.
Discharge planning.
Nurses function is to assess the individual’s current level of functioning and then direct them to appropriate resources.
Talk about the Psychoanalytic Model
Theory of personality originated by Sigmund Freud that emphasized unconscious processes or psychodynamic factors as the basis for motivation and behavior.
id: all at birth, wanting to experience pleasure. Immediate gratification, enabling the individual to strive for pleasure through the use of fantasies and images. Compulsive and without morals.
Ego: reality principle and strives to meet the demands of the id while maintaining the well being of the individual by distinguishing fantasy from reality. Experiences anxiety and uses defense mechanisms for protection. influences by heredity, environmental factors, and maturation. Controls id impulse and mediates between the id and reality.
Superego: Concerned with right and wrong, the conscience. Internalization of what parents teach their children about right.wrong through reward/punishments.Provides ego with an inner control to help control the id.
Consciousness: material within an individual’s awareness. One small part of the mind.
Defense mechanisms: Protect the ego and diminish anxiety. Primarily unconscious behaviors.
Talk about the Developmental Model
Erikson built on Frued’s model by including psychosocial and environmental influences along with the Freudian psychosocial concepts.
Life cycle form birth to death.
Life span development occurs in 8 stages.
Growth reflects mastery of critical tasks.
Lack of mastery interferes with functioning.
What are the 8 stages in the developmental model.
Trust vs. mistrust Autonomy vs. shame and doubt Initiative vs. guilt Industry vs. inferiority Identity vs. role diffusion Intimacy vs. isolation Generative lifestyle vs. stagnation Integrity vs. despair
Talk about the Interpersonal Model
Henry Sullivan developed a comprehensive exam of interpersonal and inter-group relationships called the interpersonal theory of psychiatry.
Healthy person as a social being with the ability to live effectively in relationships with others.
Relationships viewed as the source of anxiety and maladaptive behaviors and negative personality formation.
What are the key concepts of the interpersonal model
The goal is to develop mature, satisfactory, and anxiety free relationships.
Therapy by analyzing the patient’s interpersonal processes and test new skills.
Talk about the Cognitive-Behavioral Models
Aaron Beck and Albert Ellis.
Cognitive Therapy: Irrational beliefs, automatic thoughts influence behavior.
Self-defeating behaviors can be challenged
Confront irrational thinking, automatic thoughts.
Reality testing and problem solving aimed at correcting faulty cognitions.
What is the Cognitive Behavior Therapy?
Uses cognitive and behavioral techniques
Goal is to work on directly changing behaviors as well as changing faulty thinking
What is the motivational enhancement therapy?
Uses motivational interviewing to increase willingness to change habits related to addictions
What is the dialectical therapy?
Changing self-mutilating behaviors
Explain Seyle’s Stress-Adaptation Theory
Alarm reaction: +1 to +2 anxiety
-Mobilization; activation of fight-or-flight mechanism
Stage of resistance: +2 to +3 anxiety
-Adaptation to stress within individual’s capabilities
Stage of exhaustion: +3 to +4 anxiety
-Loss of ability to resist stress; depletion of resources
What is Lazarus’s Interactional Model?
Focus: Psychological aspects of stress
Basis of coping: Cognitive appraisal of threat
Primary appraisal—judgment about event
Secondary appraisal—determines response
Reappraisal—based on new information
Personal and environmental factors influence appraisal
The Integrative approach is when a….
Nurse selects concepts from various models to provide best explanation of patient’s behaviors, problems, and needs
