WEEK 2: Cells Flashcards
The basic structural and functional unit in all tissues. Highly organized structures. Their forms and functions are dependent on the genetic expression by each cell type.
Cells
Are plasma membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, secretory vesicles or granules, lysosomes, proteasomes and peroxisomes or microbodies.
Cytoplasmic organelles
A meshwork of protein rods and tubules that molds the distinctive structures of a cell, positioning organelles and providing three-dimensional shape. Includes the microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments. FOR SUPPORT.
Cytoskeleton
An essential process in humans and all multicellular organisms is. It is a form of cell division that produces two cells, each of which has the same complement of chromosomes as the parental cells.
Mitosis
Bone, blood, nerve and muscle cells are called
Somatic cells/ Body cells
two copies of the genome is called ____. Ex: Somatic cells
diploid
one copy of the genome is called ______. Ex: Sperm and egg cells
haploid
Cells are composed of macromolecules important in biological processes. The major groups of these substances are: ____ (4)
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids
macromolecules that provide energy
carbohydrates
macromolecules that provide insulation and store energy
lipids
macromolecules that have many diverse functions in the body, and are important in blood clotting, nerve transmission, muscle contraction, and immunity, while others serve and catalysts.
proteins
Most important in genetics are: ___ (2)
DNA and RNA
Organelle. All cells are surrounded by a ____ a covering that defines cell boundary. The ____ actively controls the movement of materials in and out of the cell. COVERING OF THE CELL.
Plasma membrane
Most animals have _____ or cell coat. The _____ provides biochemical identity at the surface of cells, and the components of the coat that establish cellular identity are under genetic control.
Glycocalyx
Organelle. A membrane bound structure that houses the DNA, which is complex with protein into thin fibers.
Nucleus
Nucleic acid. The nucleolus, present inside the nucleus, is where ribosomal ____ is synthesized.
RNA
Organelle. The remainder of the cell within the plasma membrane, excluding the nucleus, is called as the _____ and includes a variety of organelles. GEL-LIKE
Cytoplasm
Organelle. The ______ appears smooth in places where it serves as site for synthesis of fatty acids and phospholipids, and in other places, appears rough as it is studded with ribosomes.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Organelle. Are sites of protein synthesis, guided by the information contained in the mRNA.
Ribosomes
Organelle. The _____ provide energy by breaking down nutrients from food. The energy liberated from food is captured and stored in the bonds present in a molecule called adenosine triphosphate (ATP). 1 carbohydrate: 15 ATP
Mitochondria
Organelle. Are a pair of complex structure that are located in a specialized region called the centrosome.
Centrioles
Long and hollow. Provide many cellular movements. Composed of a pair of protein called tubulin. They form the cilia, which are hair-like structures.
Microtubules
These are long, thin rods composed of many molecules of the protein actin. Solid and narrower than microtubules, they enable cells to withstand stretching and compression. They also help to anchor one cell to another.
Microfilaments
They have diameters intermediate between those of microtubules and microfilaments. They are abundant in skin and nerve cells. In actively dividing skin cells, it forms a strong inner framework that firmly attaches cells to each other and to the underlying tissue.
Intermediate Filaments
