Week 2- Carbohydrates

Question 1

What determines whether a sugar is an aldose or ketose?

Answer 1

Carbonyl group at the end (aldose), carbonyl group within the structure (ketose)

Question 2

What are monomers (building blocks) for carbohydrates?

Answer 2

Monosaccharides (sugars)

Question 3

Give some examples of monosaccharides (simple sugars)

Answer 3

Glucose, fructose, galactose

Question 4

What are carbohydrates called when 2-10 sugars are linked?

Answer 4

Disaccharides or ogliosaccharides

Question 5

What are carbohydrates called when they consist of many sugars linked together (more than 10)? And give an example

Answer 5

Polysaccharides- starch, glycogen

Question 6

What are the elements present in carbohydrates?

Answer 6

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Question 7

What are the names given to the number of carbons in a carbon backbone? (Ending in -ose)

Answer 7

3 = triose
4 = tetrose
5 = Pentose
6 = hexose

Question 8

What is the term for different structures of sugars with the same molecular formula?

Answer 8

Structural isomers or epimers

Question 9

What is the functional group present in monosaccharides? (Ending in -ose)

Answer 9

Aldehyde (aldose) or ketone (ketose)

Question 10

What is the bond that joins monosaccharides together to form complex carbohydrates?

Answer 10

Glycosidic bond

Question 11

What is the main function of polysaccharides and give examples

Answer 11

Storage and structural support
Storage: Starch (plants) glycogen (animals)
Structural support: cellulose (plants) chitin (animals, fungi)

Question 12

What is the primary food source for many cells?

Answer 12

Glucose

Question 13

What is the main storage form of glucose in plants?

Answer 13

Starch