Week 1- Atoms

Question 1

What does an atom consist of?

Answer 1

Consists of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, with electrons orbiting around it

Question 2

How can an atom achieve a “net zero charge” and what does it mean?

Answer 2

Having an equal number of protons and electrons, and it means the atom is stable

Question 3

What happens when an electron is added or removed from an atom?

Answer 3

It becomes a negative charge, or a positive charge

Question 4

Define molecule

Answer 4

Entails two or more elements joined together in a compound

Question 5

Define a covalent bond versus an ionic bond, are there any differences?

Answer 5

Covalent bond:
- two non metal atoms share one or more pairs of electrons
- leads to the formation of a stable molecular structure
- e.g. hydrogen bonding

Ionic bond
- when one atom transfers their electron to the other, making one atom negative and the other positive, resulting in the bond between them
- between one metal and one non metal

Differences: covalent is SHARING, ionic is TAKING/GIVING

Question 6

Explain the process of a hydrogen bond

Answer 6

A dipole dipole interaction between a hydrogen atom and oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine atoms. One end has a negative charge (o, n, or f) and the hydrogen has a positive charge. When water molecules are together in a space, their opposites attract and bond.

Question 7

Explain inorganic compounds versus organic

Answer 7

Inorganic compounds do not contain carbon-hydrogen bonds, and organic compounds do and form macromolecules such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and DNA

Question 8

Name the intramolecular bonds versus the intermolecular bonds

Answer 8

Intramolecular: bonding between atoms in the molecule e.g. covalent, ionic

Intermolecular: occur between separate molecules
E.g. hydrogen bonding, van derived waals forces, dipole dipole interactions