WEEK 2- BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL AETIOLOGY Flashcards
What percentage of children in Liverpool are overweight?
40%
what was the budget for change for life in 2012?
£10.9 million
what the problem with the £10.9 million pound budget for change for life?
big corporations like McDonalds have far more ($1 BILLION)
From 1975 to 2016 what did the age standardised mean BMI increase by in each country in 155 countries per decade in girls?
0.25kg/m2 (in some countries in Polynesia = 1.0kg/m2
what is the equalisation hypothesis?
during adolescence health is influenced more stongly by peer social relations rather than the social status of the family (which drive child and adult health inequalities) and this leads to an attentuation of health inequalities
why is the argument for geneitics not feasible as an explanation for a rapid growth in obesity?
human genetic makeup can only change gradually- a genetic argument would predict stability or a slow increase
what is the main cause of obesity?
obesogenic environment- increasingly available, cheap, tasty highly promoted obesogenic foods
Is it better to treat populations or the individual?
populations
are the factor relating to obesity the same for all countries?
yes
what percentage of men are classified as overweight or obese worldwide?
60%
what percentage of women are classified as obese or overweight worldwide?
50% - an issue for both genders
what is the child national programme?
measures child weight at reception and again before they leave primary school
why is it helpful to look at early markers of social deprivation?
give an indication of the environment the person is living in i.e. less educated shows more deprived
how much more likely are children to be obese at at 14 if obese at age 7
30-40% more likely
what is the sports link programme in liverpool?
largest surviellence programme that took place in Europe. tried to identify obese children and help them and their families
what did a report in 2006 after the sports link programme show
there was a plateau in obesity rates in liverpool
why is it difficult to show that deprived areas are more obese
because they have no comparison- no before and after measurements of a deprived area
in a study in 2006 what did they show about those living in areas 1 to 9 in liverpool compared to those living in area 10?
those in areas 1-9 (the most deprived) were more obese than those living in area 10. also the amount of difference in deprivation got bigger after 2006
why is it obvious the increase in obesity isn’t due to genetics?
because we aren’t genetically any different to our grandparents (unless you are genetically disposed)
what is the energy balance flipping point
when energy intake rose because of environmental push factors
what interventions may have caused the obesity pandemic?
food is now more about opting out than opting in. e.g when you go to WHS you get bombarded with confectionary at the check out
why are people becoming less active?
urban sprawl means everything is further away and motor transport must be taken. also technology making everything easier such as washing machines
what is non excersize activity thermogenesis?
this is the energy expended during daily activity like getting up, doing the washing, walking to school etc.
why do people now have to use gyms?
because everything else has become easier such as commuting to work
