Week 2: Atoms, Molecules, and Ions Flashcards
the concept that matter is continuous, infinite, and comes in every form all around us, and could be divided and subdivided into smaller and smaller pieces without limit
continuous theory of matter
concept that matter is actually finite and not limitless
discontinuous theory of matter
fundamental, indivisible particles that make up matter
atoms
states that chemical compounds always contain the same proportion of elements by mass, regardless of amount
law of definite proportions
states that mass of a reactant must equal the mass of the product for any chemical process
law of conservation of mass
states that if two elements form more than one compound between them, then the ratios of the masses of the second element that combine with a fixed mass of the first element will be ratios of small whole numbers
law of multiple proportions
who developed the law of definite proportions?
Joseph Louis Proust
who developed the law of conservation of mass?
Antoine Lavoisier
who developed the law of multiple proportions and atomic theory?
John Dalton
A negatively charged particle that has a very small mass compared to the mass of other subatomic particles and surrounds the atom
electron
An experiment, led by J.J. Thomson, which proposed that the atom was comprised of negatively charged particles in a disperse field of positively charged particles
plum pudding model
when certain substances emit charged particles
radioactivity
An experiment, led by Ernest Rutherford, which proposed that atoms consist of a small positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons
gold foil experiment
a positively charged particle that has a relatively large mass compared to electrons.
protons
an uncharged particle with a mass nearly equal to that of a proton
neutron
who developed the plum pudding model?
J.J. Thomson
radioactivity was first discovered by who?
Henri Becquerel
who discovered the neutron?
James Chadwick
substance that physical objects are mad of
matter
basic unit of matter
atom
center of an atom
nucleus
smallest unit of a chemical compound
molecule
states that elements tend to form compounds in ways that give each atom eight valence electrons
octet rule
A diagram for a chemical substance in which each element is represented by its symbol and each valence electron is represented by a single dot
lewis dot structure
two atoms or ions with the same number of electrons
isoelectronic
a positively charged ion
cation
a negatively charged ion
anion
Process of comparing an unknown quantity with a known quantity.
measurement
Quantity that refers to the space occupied by a body
volume
Quantity used to measure distance between two points.
length
Science that deals with the chemical composition of chemical processes associated with the Earth and other planets
geochemistry
An atom that is negatively charged.
electron
Path of electron around the nucleus of an atom
orbit
Bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms.
covalent
Science that deals with energy and its interactions with matter
physics
Type of bond between a cation and an anion.
ionic
Formed when atoms combine through bonds
molecule
Which is the lightest: proton, neutron, or electron?
electron
Quantity expressed with cubic unit.
volume
