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General Chemistry AMA > Week 1: Study of Chemistry, Matter, and Measurements > Flashcards

Week 1: Study of Chemistry, Matter, and Measurements Flashcards

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1
Q

the science of properties, reaction, composition, and structures of matter

A

chemistry

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2
Q

anything that has mass and takes up space

A

matter

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3
Q

A practitioner of the Medieval science of alchemy, which aimed mainly to transform everyday metals into gold

A

alchemist

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4
Q

a substance that could cause the transmutation of lead into gold

A

philosopher’s stone

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5
Q

an area of chemistry that was highly developed by early Egyptians

A

metallurgy

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6
Q

varied group of scholars and charlatans

A

alchemists

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7
Q

starts out with a general statement, or hypothesis, and examines the possibilities to reach a logical conclusion

A

deductive reasoning

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8
Q

makes broad generalizations from specific observations

A

inductive reasoning

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9
Q

process of consisting of making observations, developing a hypothesis, and testing the hypothesis

A

scientific method

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10
Q

substance that is lost from a material when it is burned

A

phlogiston

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11
Q

first major philosopher to gather data through observation

A

ARISTOTLE

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12
Q

a general principle that is offered to explain a natural phenomenon

A

theory

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13
Q

offers a description of why something happens

A

theory

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14
Q

a proved explanation based of off many hypotheses and much experimentation

A

theory

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15
Q

statement that is always true but does not include an explanation as to why

A

law

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16
Q

properties that describe matter’s reaction with substances

A

chemical properties

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17
Q

properties of matter that can be observed without changing the matter’s composition

A

physical properties

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18
Q

physical properties that are independent on the amount of substance present

A

intensive properties

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19
Q

physical properties that depend on the amount of substance present

A

extensive properties

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20
Q

have a constant composition and can only be changed by chemical reactions

A

pure substances

21
Q

substances that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by chemical or physical means

A

elements

22
Q

substances that can be broken down into their individual elements, but only through chemical processes

A

compounds

23
Q

a combinations of two or more pure substances

A

mixtures

24
Q

a mixture with a uniform composition throughout

A

homogeneous mixture

25
Q

a mixture with visible distinguishable components, exist primarily in the solid and liquid states

A

heterogeneous mixture

26
Q

a change during which the chemical identity of a substance is altered

A

chemical change

27
Q

a change in which the physical form and properties of a substance change

A

physical change

28
Q

the separation of a mixture by passing it through a medium in which the components move at different rates

A

chromatography

29
Q

a purification process in which the components of a liquid mixture are vaporized and then condensed and isolated

A

distillation

30
Q

a technique used to separate out homogeneous in which one or more solids are dissolved in a liquid

A

evaporation

31
Q

a method used to separate mixtures in which some of the particles are large enough in size to be captured with a porous material while others are not

A

filtration

32
Q

a common metric system of units of measurement used by scientists

A

Systeme International (SI)

33
Q

a measurement that has its own independent scale and cannot be expressed in terms of other base units

A

base unit

34
Q

a measurement that is a combination of base units

A

derived unit

35
Q

a factor used in solving problems in which a certain measurement must be expressed with different units

A

conversion factor

36
Q

a technique that uses the units (dimensions) of the measurement in order to express quantities in the appropriate units

A

dimensional analysis

37
Q

a way to express very large and very small numbers as the product of two numbers: a coefficient and the number 10 raised to a power

A

scientific notation

38
Q

observations of quantitative nature that are taken by some form of equipment

A

measurements

39
Q

the curved upper surface of a liquid in a tube

A

meniscus

40
Q

a process of referencing a physical quantity in terms of calibration or reference point

A

estimate

41
Q

describes how close an estimate is to a known standard

A

accuracy

42
Q

describes how close estimates are to one another

A

precision

43
Q

a method of setting or correcting a measuring device by matching it to known measurement standards

A

calibration

44
Q

the ratio of the uncertainty to the measured value, multiplied by one hundred

A

percent uncertainty

45
Q

an expression of the accuracy of a measurement standardized to how large the measurement is

A

percent error

46
Q

consist of all certain digits in that measurement plus one uncertain or estimated digit

A

significant figures

47
Q

an expression of the mass of substance in terms of the volume occupied by the substance

A

density

48
Q

the quantity of inertia possessed by an object

A

mass

49
Q

the gravitational force acting on a mass, as measured on a scale

A

weight

General Chemistry AMA (7 decks)

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