Week 2: Atomic Structure & Biomolecules

Question 1

atoms are made up of

Answer 1

protons, neutrons, and electrons

Question 2

4 most important atoms for living things

Answer 2

hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen

Question 3

atomic number

Answer 3

the number of protons in an atom’s nucleus

Question 4

atomic mass

Answer 4

the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

Question 5

the closer an electron is to the nucleus

Answer 5

the more tightly it is held to the atom, making it more stable

Question 6

the chemical reactivity of an atom depends on the state of

Answer 6

it;s outermost electron shell

Question 7

electron affinities

Answer 7

how strongly an atom can attract an electron

Question 8

ionic bonds

Answer 8

occurs when a positively and negatively charged ion attract one another

Question 9

covalent bons

Answer 9

occur when two atoms share an electron to complete their shells

Question 10

non-polar covalent bonds

Answer 10

share electrons equally between the atoms that make up the bond bc of identical electron affinities

Question 11

polar covalent bonds

Answer 11

share electrons unequally bw the atoms that make up the bond bc of different electron affinities

Question 12

the unequal sharing of electrons in polar covalent bonds results in

Answer 12

molecule that has a slight charge difference across the individual molecule (hydrogen bonding)

Question 13

the polarity of a molecule will define its ability to

Answer 13

interact with water

Question 14

hydrophilic

Answer 14

polar and ionic compounds

Question 15

hydrophobic

Answer 15

non polar compounds

Question 16

four main classes of biomolecules important for all living things

Answer 16

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Question 17

carbs are responsible for

Answer 17

energy storage and structural molecules

Question 18

lipids are responsible for

Answer 18

energy storage

Question 19

proteins are responsible for

Answer 19

numerous biological processes

Question 20

nucleic acids are responsible for

Answer 20

directing the synthesis and assembly of proteins

Question 21

what are the subunits that make up larger carbohydrates

Answer 21

monosaccharides

Question 22

lipids are used by cells for two main purposes

Answer 22

cell membrane structure, energy storage

Question 23

main structure of a lipid molecule consists of

Answer 23

glycerol & 3 fatty acid chains

Question 24

what defines the lipid molecule

Answer 24

variability in the fatty acid chain

Question 25

saturated fatty acid

Answer 25

all carbons have single bonds bw them allowing them to bond with the maximum potential of H atoms

Question 26

unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 26

have one or more locations where a double bond exists between carbon molecules

Question 27

amino acids are

Answer 27

the individual subunits that make up protein molecules

Question 28

amino acids are made up of

Answer 28

amino group, carboxyl group, and R group

Question 29

the _________ gives amino acid molecules its unique properties

Answer 29

R group

Question 30

bond that forms between two amino acids is called

Answer 30

peptide bond

Question 31

what can make a protein denatured

Answer 31

pH level & high temps

Question 32

what are enzymes

Answer 32

protein molecuels that reduce the activation energy of a chemical rxn

Question 33

nucleotides are

Answer 33

the individual monomers that make up nucleic acid molecules (DNA & RNA)

Question 34

3 main components of nucleotides

Answer 34

5 carbon sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base

Question 35

pyrimidines

Answer 35

cytosine, thymine, and uracil

single ring structure

Question 36

purines

Answer 36

adenine, guanine

double ring structure

Question 37

DNA structure

Answer 37

double stranded molecule, arranged in helical shape

Question 38

RNA structure

Answer 38

single stranded