WEEK 2 ANEURYSMS and HAEMORRHAGIC STROKE Flashcards
What is an anuerysm?
- A bulging weak area in the wall of an artery
Can aneurysms occur anywhere throughout the vascular system?
Yes BUT they most commonly develop along the aorta and in the blood vessels of the brain.
How long can death occur within if the aneuryms rupture?
- Within minutes
What are 5 potential causes of aneurysms?
- Weakness in the blood vessel wall that is present from birth (congenital aneurysm)
- High blood pressure (hypertension)- the hihg blood pressure leads to weakening
- Past aneurysm will increase the likelihood of another (can be genetic predisposition)
- Race–> African Americans are more likely than Caucasians to have subarachnoid hemorrhage (genetic factor but no science to back up why)
- Fatty plaques (atherosclerosis) resulting in the weakening of the blood vessel wall
Are women more likely to develop a brain aneurysm or suffer a subarachnoid hemorrhage than men?
- Yes
- Could be due to a drop in estrogen post menopausal
- Estrogen may act as a cardiovascular protector
Why can having polycystic kidney disease result in an increased risk of cerebral aneurysm?
- Autosomal dominant inheritance
- The genes that contribute to this disease are disrupted and may also play an important role in blood vessels
- So without them, there could be a dtysfunction
What are the three main locations for an aneurysm?
- Cerebral aneurysm
- Thoracic aortic aneurysm
- Abdominal aortic aneurysm
What percentage of strokes do cerebral aneurysms make up?
15% of all strokes.
- The Strokes are hemorrhagic.
Can an unruptured cerebral aneurysm have symptoms?
- No symptoms are present and because of this it can be discovered incidentally.
What are the symptoms of a ruptured cerebral aneurysm?
- Severe headache with rapid onset
- Neck pain and stiffness.
- Increasing drowsiness.
- Paralysis
- Seizures
- Impaired speech and visual problems.
- Sensitivity to light
In terms of cerebral aneurysms, what is the most common type of aneurysm that accounts for 80 and 90% of all intracranial aneurysms?
- Saccular aneurysm
Which age are brain aneurysms most prevalent in?
- 35-60 BUT can occur at any age
What percentage of ruptured brain aneurysms result in death?
- 40% of cases.
- Those who survive about 66% suffer some permanent neurological deficit.
Roberts image of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage die before reaching the hospital?
- 15%
Are the names of the types of cerebral aneurysms the same for the aortic aneurysms?
- YES
- These are saccular, fusiform, giant and dissecting
What is the most common type of aneurysms for Cerebral aneurysms?
- A saccular aneurysm. (shape)
What is the most common type of aneurysm for aortic aneurysms?
- Fusiform aneurysm
What are the four main types of aneurysms?
- Saccular
- Fusiform
- Giant
- Dissecting
What’s another name for the saccular aneurysm?
- The Berry aneurysm.
- This is because it has rounded lobulated focal outpouchings which usually arrise at the arterial bifurcations and can arise from the lateral wall.
What characterizes a fusiform aneurysm?
- An out-pouching of an arterial wall on both sides of the artery.
Does the fusiform aneurysm have a neck or stem?
- No
What classifies a giant aneurysm?
Aneurysm that are larger than 2.5 cm.
- It can be hard to treat. They also high-risk.