Week 2 airway Flashcards by Connor Hancock

Vent rates=

adult = 5-6 secs (10-12 per min)
infant/child w/ pulse 3-5 secs (12-20 per min)

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4 methods of ventilation:

mouth to pocket mask, 2 person BVM, demand valve/FROPVD, 1 person BVM

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Sniffing position=

pillow under head ear aligned with sternum (called sniffing bc/ way head recoils when you shift)

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Ramped position=

for obese PTs, <LOTS>prepare a proper ramp (head and shoulder support) before transferring them to the ambulance.</LOTS>

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Compressed gaseous oxygen is stored in an aluminum or steel tank in 400-liter (D), 660-liter (E), and 3,450-liter (M) volumes.

D tank life = (Tank pressure in psi X 0.16) / LPM
E tank life = (tank pressure in psi X 0.28) / LPM
M tank life = (tank pressure in psi X 1.56) / LPM

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Therapy regulator=

used for delivering oxy to PTs→ default PSI 50

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High pressure regulator=

used to transfer oxy at high pressures from tank to tank

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Rules of 3s in optimal ventilation:

3 practitioners (1 on mask, 1 on bag, 1 one for ELM)
3 inches (elevate PT head 3 inches for sniffing position)
3 fingers ( 3 fingers on larynx to perform ELM)
3 PEEP ( or up to 15cm/H2O PEEP as need to improve oxy saturations)

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Extraglottic Airway devices=

inserted blindly into esophagus

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(ETC) esophageal tracheal combitube=

may enter trachea or esophagus

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Laryngeal Mask airway (LMA)=
LMA-Supreme=
LMA-Fastrach=

1st laryngeal airway
Updated LMA
1st intubating airway designed to facilitate blind endotracheal intubation

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Retroglottic airway devices=

king LT
King LT-D
King LTS-D
Pharyngo- tracheal lumen (PTL)=

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King LT airway=

large silicone cuff; disperses pressure over large mucosal surface area

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King LT-D Airway=

disposable single-lumen latex-free retro glottic airway

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King LTS-D airway=

disposable single-lumen latex free retro glottic airway that also has a chanel for the placement of a gastric tube

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Supraglottic Airway devices=

(above glottic opening)
laryngopharyngeal tube
I-Gel

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laryngopharyngeal tube

(S.A.L.T)→ simple mechanical airway adjunct; blind endotracheal tube inducer

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I-Gel Airway=

single use, mirrors natural anatomy, no inflatable cuff

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Endotracheal Intubation=

inserting endotracheal tube into trachea, usually w/ direct visualization of vocal cords via direct laryngoscopy (optimal aspiration protection & ventilation

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Laryngoscope Blades=

Curved bladed “Mac” → c curved Straight blades “Miller” → to Ls straight
Straight blades
Robert Shaw Fibre Optic Blades= designed for neonatal & infant use, available size 0 &1
Seward Fibre Optic Blades= designed for infant & PEDI use, available size 1 & 2
Wisconsin Fibre Optic Blades= designed for neonatal & infant use, available size 0,1,2,3,4

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Avulse=

Dislodge

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Eustachian (auditory) tubes=

ear tubes that connect to nasal cavity to help with balance of pressure on the tympanic membrane

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Pharynx=

allows air to flow into & out of the respiratory tract & food/liquids to pass into the digestive system
divided into 3 regions: nasopharynx, oropharynx, & hypopharynx

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Bronchioles=

are encircled with smooth muscle that contains -(B2) adrenergic receptors. When stimulated, these -(B2) receptors relax the bronchial smooth muscle, thus increasing the airway’s diameter

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Alveoli=

membrane that is only 1 / 2 cell layers thick & is surrounded by a network of capillaries and responsible for gas exchange (02 & CO2)

Sufarctant=

Alveoli chemical lube

atelectasis=

alveolar collapse--> can be from not enough inflation or surfactant

Partial pluera= Visceral pluera=

no nerve ending Many nerve endings

Partial pressure=

pressure exerted by a single gas in a mixture of gases.

Alveolar partial pressures are abbreviated=

PA (PAO2 and PACO2)

arterial partial pressures are abbreviated=

Pa (PaO2 and PaCO2)

Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve=

Hemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen (how readily it binds to oxygen) depends on factors: temp/, pH, and PaO2. As the PaO2 increases, so does hemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen.

oxygen saturation formula=

O2 content / O2 capacity x 100%

oxygen content of the arterial blood (CaO2) formula=

CaO2= (SaO2 X Hgb X 1.34) + (0.003 X PaO2)

Hering-Breuer reflex=

prevents over expansion of lungs from inhalation> During inspiration, lungs become distended, activating stretch receptors.

chemoreceptors=

in the carotid bodies and in the arch of the aorta. These chemoreceptors are stimulated by decreased PaO2, increased PaCO2, and decreased pH

Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)=

maximum amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal inspiration.

Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)=

maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a normal expiration.

Residual Volume (RV)=

amount of air remaining in the lungs at the end of maximal expiration

Functional residual capacity (FRC)=

volume of gas that remains in the lungs at the end of normal expiration

pulsus paradoxus=

BP drop more than 10→ can indicate severe obstructive lung disease.

ETCO2=

Measurement of the CO2 concentration at the end of expiration (maximum CO2).

PETCO2=

Partial pressure of end-tidal CO2 in a mixed gas solution

PaCO2=

Partial pressure of CO2 in the arterial blood

End-tidal gradient=

Difference between partial pressure of arterial CO2(PaCO2) and the end-tidal CO2(ETCO2). Formula: PaCO2 - ETCO2 = End - Formula gradient

Oxygenation 3 needs=

intact airway, adequate vent & respiration

CO2 waste=

lot heat, lot H2o, lil/ Co2

Katabolism=

uses fat vs glucose for energy (uses 4 ATP vs. 1)

Most prevalent intracellular Ion= Most prevalent extracellular ion=

Potassium Sodium

Hyperkalemic leads to=

messed up cell membranes leaking out of cells

Crethimoid=

thinnest bone in skull (basilar skull frac)

Kiesselbach area(little area)=

where 4 different arteries connect together→ super vascular

Mucus F. =

absorb energy, balance, heat dental roots

Pogo=

%/scale of glottic opening

what to look for during Endotracheal intubation=

Corniculate, cuneiform, & artynoid cartilage while intubating

Pre-Botzinger complex=

“Sa node” of the RR

VRG ventral respiratory group=

transmits signals via the phrenic nerve & intercostal nerves

DRG dorsal respiratory group=

keeps in check w/ VRG

Pontine respiratory group=

smooths out transition of inhalation & exhalation

BOHR effect=

hemoglobin right shift and release oxygen

HALDER effect=

hemoglobin left shift picks up oxygen and releases wastes

Glabella chin plate=

unibrow space aligned with chin & ear lobe aligned with sternal notch & neck wide open (NREMT-P pillow under shoulders)

Oxygen molecules w/o a job become=

free radical hurting brain & cardio molecules

DISS Fitting diameter index setting system?

Uses 2:5 pin sizing system

inhale : exhale rate=

1:2 secs

ET Tube sizes:

Adults 6.0-9.0 Pedi tubes(2.5-5.5)

Merphy’s eye=

at lateral distal eye for open end vent