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PAAM > Week 2 airway > Flashcards

Week 2 airway Flashcards

1
Q

Vent rates=

A

adult = 5-6 secs (10-12 per min)
infant/child w/ pulse 3-5 secs (12-20 per min)

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2
Q

4 methods of ventilation:

A

mouth to pocket mask, 2 person BVM, demand valve/FROPVD, 1 person BVM

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3
Q

Sniffing position=

A

pillow under head ear aligned with sternum (called sniffing bc/ way head recoils when you shift)

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4
Q

Ramped position=

A

for obese PTs, <LOTS>prepare a proper ramp (head and shoulder support) before transferring them to the ambulance.</LOTS>

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5
Q

Compressed gaseous oxygen is stored in an aluminum or steel tank in 400-liter (D), 660-liter (E), and 3,450-liter (M) volumes.

A

D tank life = (Tank pressure in psi X 0.16) / LPM
E tank life = (tank pressure in psi X 0.28) / LPM
M tank life = (tank pressure in psi X 1.56) / LPM

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6
Q

Therapy regulator=

A

used for delivering oxy to PTs→ default PSI 50

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7
Q

High pressure regulator=

A

used to transfer oxy at high pressures from tank to tank

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8
Q

Rules of 3s in optimal ventilation:

A

3 practitioners (1 on mask, 1 on bag, 1 one for ELM)
3 inches (elevate PT head 3 inches for sniffing position)
3 fingers ( 3 fingers on larynx to perform ELM)
3 PEEP ( or up to 15cm/H2O PEEP as need to improve oxy saturations)

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9
Q

Extraglottic Airway devices=

A

inserted blindly into esophagus

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10
Q

(ETC) esophageal tracheal combitube=

A

may enter trachea or esophagus

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11
Q

Laryngeal Mask airway (LMA)=
LMA-Supreme=
LMA-Fastrach=

A

1st laryngeal airway
Updated LMA
1st intubating airway designed to facilitate blind endotracheal intubation

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12
Q

Retroglottic airway devices=

A

king LT
King LT-D
King LTS-D
Pharyngo- tracheal lumen (PTL)=

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13
Q

King LT airway=

A

large silicone cuff; disperses pressure over large mucosal surface area

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14
Q

King LT-D Airway=

A

disposable single-lumen latex-free retro glottic airway

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15
Q

King LTS-D airway=

A

disposable single-lumen latex free retro glottic airway that also has a chanel for the placement of a gastric tube

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16
Q

Supraglottic Airway devices=

A

(above glottic opening)
laryngopharyngeal tube
I-Gel

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17
Q

laryngopharyngeal tube

A

(S.A.L.T)→ simple mechanical airway adjunct; blind endotracheal tube inducer

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18
Q

I-Gel Airway=

A

single use, mirrors natural anatomy, no inflatable cuff

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19
Q

Endotracheal Intubation=

A

inserting endotracheal tube into trachea, usually w/ direct visualization of vocal cords via direct laryngoscopy (optimal aspiration protection & ventilation

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20
Q

Laryngoscope Blades=

A

Curved bladed “Mac” → c curved Straight blades “Miller” → to Ls straight
Straight blades
Robert Shaw Fibre Optic Blades= designed for neonatal & infant use, available size 0 &1
Seward Fibre Optic Blades= designed for infant & PEDI use, available size 1 & 2
Wisconsin Fibre Optic Blades= designed for neonatal & infant use, available size 0,1,2,3,4

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21
Q

Avulse=

A

Dislodge

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22
Q

Eustachian (auditory) tubes=

A

ear tubes that connect to nasal cavity to help with balance of pressure on the tympanic membrane

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23
Q

Pharynx=

A

allows air to flow into & out of the respiratory tract & food/liquids to pass into the digestive system
divided into 3 regions: nasopharynx, oropharynx, & hypopharynx

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24
Q

Bronchioles=

A

are encircled with smooth muscle that contains -(B2) adrenergic receptors. When stimulated, these -(B2) receptors relax the bronchial smooth muscle, thus increasing the airway’s diameter

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25
Q

Alveoli=

A

membrane that is only 1 / 2 cell layers thick & is surrounded by a network of capillaries and responsible for gas exchange (02 & CO2)

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26
Q

Sufarctant=

A

Alveoli chemical lube

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27
Q

atelectasis=

A

alveolar collapse–> can be from not enough inflation or surfactant

28
Q

Partial pluera=
Visceral pluera=

A

no nerve ending
Many nerve endings

29
Q

Partial pressure=

A

pressure exerted by a single gas in a mixture of gases.

30
Q

Alveolar partial pressures are abbreviated=

A

PA (PAO2 and PACO2)

31
Q

arterial partial pressures are abbreviated=

A

Pa (PaO2 and PaCO2)

32
Q

Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve=

A

Hemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen (how readily it binds to oxygen) depends on factors: temp/, pH, and PaO2. As the PaO2 increases, so does hemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen.

33
Q

oxygen saturation formula=

A

O2 content / O2 capacity x 100%

34
Q

oxygen content of the arterial blood (CaO2) formula=

A

CaO2= (SaO2 X Hgb X 1.34) + (0.003 X PaO2)

35
Q

Hering-Breuer reflex=

A

prevents over expansion of lungs from inhalation>
During inspiration, lungs become distended, activating stretch receptors.

36
Q

chemoreceptors=

A

in the carotid bodies and in the arch of the aorta. These chemoreceptors are stimulated by decreased PaO2, increased PaCO2, and decreased pH

37
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)=

A

maximum amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal inspiration.

38
Q

Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)=

A

maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a normal expiration.

39
Q

Residual Volume (RV)=

A

amount of air remaining in the lungs at the end of maximal expiration

40
Q

Functional residual capacity (FRC)=

A

volume of gas that remains in the lungs at the end of normal expiration

41
Q

pulsus paradoxus=

A

BP drop more than 10→ can indicate severe obstructive lung disease.

42
Q

ETCO2=

A

Measurement of the CO2 concentration at the end of expiration (maximum CO2).

43
Q

PETCO2=

A

Partial pressure of end-tidal CO2 in a mixed gas solution

44
Q

PaCO2=

A

Partial pressure of CO2 in the arterial blood

45
Q

End-tidal gradient=

A

Difference between partial pressure of arterial CO2(PaCO2) and the end-tidal CO2(ETCO2).
Formula: PaCO2 - ETCO2 = End - Formula gradient

46
Q

Oxygenation 3 needs=

A

intact airway, adequate vent & respiration

47
Q

CO2 waste=

A

lot heat, lot H2o, lil/ Co2

48
Q

Katabolism=

A

uses fat vs glucose for energy (uses 4 ATP vs. 1)

49
Q

Most prevalent intracellular Ion=
Most prevalent extracellular ion=

A

Potassium
Sodium

50
Q

Hyperkalemic leads to=

A

messed up cell membranes leaking out of cells

51
Q

Crethimoid=

A

thinnest bone in skull (basilar skull frac)

52
Q

Kiesselbach area(little area)=

A

where 4 different arteries connect together→ super vascular

53
Q

Mucus F. =

A

absorb energy, balance, heat dental roots

54
Q

Pogo=

A

%/scale of glottic opening

55
Q

what to look for during Endotracheal intubation=

A

Corniculate, cuneiform, & artynoid cartilage while intubating

56
Q

Pre-Botzinger complex=

A

“Sa node” of the RR

57
Q

VRG ventral respiratory group=

A

transmits signals via the phrenic nerve & intercostal nerves

58
Q

DRG dorsal respiratory group=

A

keeps in check w/ VRG

59
Q

Pontine respiratory group=

A

smooths out transition of inhalation & exhalation

60
Q

BOHR effect=

A

hemoglobin right shift and release oxygen

61
Q

HALDER effect=

A

hemoglobin left shift picks up oxygen and releases wastes

62
Q

Glabella chin plate=

A

unibrow space aligned with chin & ear lobe aligned with sternal notch & neck wide open (NREMT-P pillow under shoulders)

63
Q

Oxygen molecules w/o a job become=

A

free radical hurting brain & cardio molecules

64
Q

DISS Fitting diameter index setting system?

A

Uses 2:5 pin sizing system

65
Q

inhale : exhale rate=

A

1:2 secs

66
Q

ET Tube sizes:

A

Adults 6.0-9.0
Pedi tubes(2.5-5.5)

67
Q

Merphy’s eye=

A

at lateral distal eye for open end vent

PAAM (6 decks)

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