Week 2 Advanced Neural Transmission Flashcards
What is “resting potential”?
refers to the difference in electric charge between the inside and the outside of a cell when it is at rest (aka resting membrane potential).
What is an ion?
an atom or molecule which has an uneven number of positively charged protons and negatively charged electrons. (electrically charged particle).
What ions are of particular importance to neural communication?
Sodium, potassium, and chloride.
The resting potential is approximately…
-70mV, meaning that the inside of the cell is 70mV more negative than the outside of the cell (although it can be anywhere from -65 to -95).
Depolarization to the neuron’s threshold (around -55mV) level results in …
an action potential.
depolarize means
make more positive
hyperpolarize means
make more negative
neurons receive messages via their
axons
neurons send messages via their
dendrites (or sometimes cell body)
dorsal is to vetral as
top is to bottom
What is a gyrus?
a protuberance on the surface of the brain (plural = gyri)
What is a sulcus?
fold or groove separating gyri (plural = sulci)
What is a fissure?
a long, deep sulcus
what is proximal and distal?
proximal is close to, distal is far from
Ipsilateral means…
same hemisphere
Contralateral means…
opposite hemisphere
What are the nervous systems?
Central (brain and spinal cord),
Peripheral (Somatic nervous system (voluntary muscles and sense) and autonomic nervous system (involuntary muscles)).
What are the two groups within the autonomic nervous system?
sympathetic (fight or flight) and parasympathetic (rest and digest).
What do neurons do?
receive and transmit information.
what do gila do?
many varied functions like insulation and support.
What is a synapse?
The gap between two (or more) neurons where messages are chemically transmitted.
What are the three major divisions of the brain?
Hindbrain, midbrain, forebrain.
What is the hindbrain?
Posterior portion of the brain including the pons, medulla, and cerebellum.
What is the medulla?
enlarged extension of the spinal cord into the skull, controls vital reflexes – breathing, heartrate, vomiting, salivating, coughing, sneezing – through the cranial nerves.