Week 2

Question 1

What is developmental delay?

Answer 1

It refers to a significant delay and Impairment, where skills are acquired beyond at least 2 standard deviations from the mean.

Question 2

What are the intrinsic factors that influence development?

Answer 2

Genetic or hereditary.
Gender- some conditions like ADHD are mire common in males, girls attain language skills earlier
Prenatal-low birth weight babies are at risk of problems with learning, language and cognition.

Question 3

What are the extrinsic factors that affect development?

Answer 3

Environment:
Prenatal-maternal stress, depression and anxiety, high cortisol affects birth weight, nutrition and alcohol
Post natal-social disadvantage, poverty, parenting issues, family dynamics
Culture-children who spend more time outdoors are more adept than those in apartments

Question 4

What are the transactional and biopsychosocial models?

Answer 4

Transactional-suggests interplay between intrinsic and extrinsic determinants. Also a child’s temperament eg risk taking teen
Biopsychosocial-extends transactional model to include broader impact socioeconomic factors eg poverty

Question 5

What is the Dorothy Egan developmental milestones theory?

Answer 5

Broken down into stages.

1. 6 weeks to 6 months
2. 7 to 20 months
3. 21 months to 4.5 years

Question 6

What are each of the reflexes babies will display?

Answer 6

1. Moro-dropping babies grad, arms will fling out symmetrically. Should not be present after 3-4 months. Absence or abnormal presentation could mean; hemiplagia, brachial plexus or clavicular fracture
2. Grasp-thumb in babies hand, they will grab, can stay up to 6 months
3. Placing/stepping-stimulate dorsum of babies foot, baby flexes knee and places foot on top of surface, neonatal reflex gone after 6 weeks
4. Asymmetric tonic neck reflex- baby on back, turn neck to one side, extends arms same side of face and flexion of opposite arm. Stops after 4 months
5. Side protective- after 5 months, baby in sitting position will put hand out to side to prevent falling when pushed
6. Parachute- 7-8 months, when baby propelled downwards they thrust arms forward to catch themselves