Acid Base Analysis

Question 1

What is H+?

Answer 1

H+ are otherwise known as hydrogen ions. H+ is created when a hydrogen atom loses or gains an electron

Question 2

What happens when there is more hydrogen than hydroxide?

Answer 2

Increased H+= acidic (decreased OH-)

Decreased H+=basic (increased OH-)

Question 3

What are the 3 regulators of PH?

Answer 3

• chemical buffers
• respiratory system
• renal system

Question 4

What is the first ph regulator on the scene when ph changes?

Answer 4

Chemical buffers. They are substances that accept or release H+, ‘chemical sponges’
The buffer systems are bicarb-carbonate, protein, haemoglobin and phosphate

Question 5

What do the lungs do when there is an increase in H+?

Answer 5

Increase ventilation to blow off excess CO2

Question 6

What is the normal range for PaO2 in neonates and children?

Answer 6

Neonate: 60-80mmHg
Child: 80-100mmHg

Question 7

What is the base excess (BE)?

Answer 7

It assesses the metabolic component of acid base disturbance.
+ BE=metabolic alkalosis
- BE=metabolic acidosis

Question 8

What does HCO3 indicate?

Answer 8

Otherwise known as bicarbonate. It is used as a buffer when there is a ph imbalance.
Increased HCO3=alkalosis
Decreased HCO3=acidosis

Question 9

What do ‘free’ H+ determine?

Answer 9

The acidity of a solution