Paediatric Cardiology Flashcards
What are the 3 factors that cardiac output depends on?
- Preload-volume of blood RETURNING to the heart
- Afterload- volume of blood EJECTED from the heart
- Contractility- efficiency of myocardial shortening
What are the 9 most common cardiac conditions?
- Ventriculoseptal defect (VSD)
- Atrioseptal defect (ASD)
- Patent ductus arteriosis (PDA)
- Pulmonary stenosis (PS/PVS)
- Aortic stenosis (AS)
- Coarction of aorta (CoA)
- Tetrology of Fallot (TOF)
- Transposition of great vessels (TGA)
- Atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD)
What are 3 types of compensatory mechanisms?
- Ventricular hypertrophy and dilation
- Sympathetic nervous system
- Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
How is renin-angiotensin-aldosterone activated and how does it compensate?
A decrease in perfusion to the kidneys stimulates its release. It results in vasoconstriction, retention of salt and water, and an increase in blood volume plus increase in preload
What is the list of criteria for Kawasaki?
- Fever >5 days
- Conjunctivitis
- Rash on trunk and extremities
- Changes in extremities-hands and feet swell, erythema of palms and soles, desquamation of finger tips)
- Changes in mouth-strawberry tongue, erythema and crusting of lips
- Swollen lymph nodes
OR fever for >7 days with no focus
What is Kawasaki disease?
An acute systemic vasculitis affecting small and medium size arteries, particularly coronary arteries
What are the 5 phases of Kawasaki?
- Acute (1-14)
- Sub-acute (end of fever, 24 days), peeling of skin
- Convalescent-until platelets return to normal, months to years later
What do IVIG and aspirin do to treat Kawasaki?
IVIG-control cytokine production, influence T-cell activity, suppress antibodies
Aspirin- anti inflammatory and anti platelet activity due to risk of thrombosis in injures vessels
