Week 2 Flashcards
Define the 6 steps used in the problem-solving approach DADPMA
- Define the problem
- Analyse for causes
- Develop solutions
- Plan and implement
- Measure the outcome
- Adopt as standard
Define the 5 steps used in Six Sigma for problem-solving
- Define
- Measure
- Analyse
- Improve
- Control
List the numerous forms of quality improvement techniques that are represented graphically
Brain Storming
Geographical/location plots
Flow charts
Cause analysis (Fault Tree/Fish Bone)
Pareto Analysis
Histograms
Scatter Plots
Box Plots
Discuss the features of the following quality improvement techniques and present an example of one:
- Brainstorming
- Brainstorming;
Agree on goal
Write down & develop all ideas
Group and discuss them
Prioritise and agree on actions
Discuss the features of the following quality improvement techniques and present an example of one:
- Flow charts
- Flow charts:
- A flow chart can be useful to describe a process and it allows a detailed understanding of the steps involved
- They are particularly useful for gaining an understanding of complex situations/processes and communicating that to others
An arrow represents the flow of something (material or information)
Boxes represent system components or process and should be labelled
Diamonds denote choices
The output(s) of a box should be a transformation of the inputs to the box
Decisions or options use a diamond They are particularly useful for gaining an understanding of complex situations/processes and communicating that to others
Discuss the features of the following quality improvement techniques and present an example of one:
- Histograms
A histogram is used to graphically summarize and display the distribution of a process data set
- Decide on the number of intervals (8-20) use the square root of the number of measurements as a rough idea to the number of intervals
- Use this to decide on the interval width. Each interval should be the same width.
- Create a table showing the number of measurements in each interval
- Create histogram
Discuss the features of the following quality improvement techniques and present an example of one:
- Fish-bone/ Fault tree/Cause and effect diagram
- Fish-bone/ Fault tree/Cause and effect diagram:
Used to understand the origin of failures
Each cause of the effect under investigation is given a branch of the tree.
Direct causes of the branches are shown as sub-branches
Used to ensure that all aspects of a problem are being investigated
Discuss the features of the following quality improvement techniques and present an example of one:
- Scatter Plots
- Scatter Plots:
Two factors are plotted together to look for relationships
A scatter plot can tell you whether any relationship is strong or weak or positive or negative
Discuss the features of the following quality improvement techniques and present an example of one:
- Pareto Analysis
- Pareto Analysis
Decide on the unit for comparison
Decide the study period
Collect the data
Analyse and sort in descending order
Convert each cause into a percentage
Draw Pareto chart
Draw the cumulative plot
Discuss the features of the following quality improvement techniques and present an example of one:
- Box plots
- Box plots
The box-and-whisker plot is good at showing the extreme values and the range of middle values of your data.
The box shows us the middle values of a variable. The box section contains 50% of the data. The median line shows centre
While the whiskers stretch to the greatest and lowest value of that variable
Lower quartile or 25th percentile - the median of the lower half of the data.
Upper quartile or 75th percentile - the median of the upper half of the data.
Minimum value - the smallest observation value.
Maximum value - the largest observation value. Median Line – data median
