Week 2 Flashcards
What are the 4 main types of Ions?
Sodium
Potassium
Chloride
Organic Anions
What does Cl- stand for?
Chloride (Cl-)
What does Na+ stand for?
Sodium (Na+)
During the resting state, is a neuron pos or neg charged?
Negatively
What does K+ stand for?
Potassium (K+)
As an atom positively or neg charged?
no, it’s neutral. When it stops being neutral it becomes and Ion (pos OR neg charged)
What does A- Stand for?
Organic Anions (A-)
What is the shorthand for Sodium?
Na+
What is the shorthand for potassium?
K+
What is an Ion?
pos or neg charged Atom
What is shorthand for Organic Anions?
A-
What is shorthand for Chloride?
Cl-
Where do the pos & negative electrons and protons sit in an atom?
Positive Protons inside nucleus
Neg Electron orbit around nucleus in outer shell
Is an electron pos or neg?
neg
is a proton pos or neg?
pos
Is an atom pos or neg charged?
Neither, it’s neutral - pos & neg even each other out so in resting state it remains neutral
what is an ion?
pos or neg charged atom
how does an ion become negatively charged?
gaines neg electron
How is the resting potential maintained?
Ion channels
allows inflow of ions in and out of cell
Sodium-Potassium pump
Where are receptors found?
Mostly Cell Body & Dendrites
In analogy of lock and key, receptors are one and key is the other. Which is the Receptor?
Receptor is key
What do autoreceptors do?
Turn off neurotransmitter release (stimulated neurotransmitters released by own neuron)
What is the GABBA-A neurotransmitter?
Main inhibitory
What is an Antagonist?
A drug that opposes or inhibits the effects of a particular neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic cell
What is an Agonist?
A drug that facilitates the effects of a particular neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic cell
Which drug action imitates a neurotransmitter?
Agonist
What is a direct antagonist?
A drug that binds with receptor but does not activate it - prevents the natural ligand from binding with the receptor. Stops natural action
what is a direct agonist?
A drug that binds with and activated receptor - just as the neurotransmitter would
What is non-competitive binding on a receptor?
Binding of a drug to a site on a receptor; does not interfere with the binding site for the principal ligand.
What is an indirect agoinst?
A drug that attaches to a binding site on a receptor and facilitates the action of the receptor; does not interfere with the binding site of the principal ligand.
What is an indirect antagonist?
A drug that attaches to a binding site on a receptor and interferes with the action of the receptor; does not interfere with the binding of the principal ligand.
What is a resting membrane potential?
resting potential
How does an atom become a neg charged ion?
gains a negative charged electron
how doe an atom become a pos charged ion?
looses a neg charged electron
what is a excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)?
if stimulations causes the voltage inside of the cell to become more positive (keep firing)
what is a Inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)?
if stimulations causes the voltage inside of the cell to become more negative (stop firing)
neurotransmitters cant be left in the gap as they will continue to exert effect or block receptor. What is the Reuptake pump?
physical removal of neurotransmitter - directs it back into presynaptic neuron for recycling
neurotransmitters cant be left in the gap as they will continue to exert effect or block receptor. What is an Exzymatic degredation?
Enzymes break down neurotransmitters
no longer fire
Where are receptors mostly found?
dendrites & cell body
