week 2

Question 1

Depth of anesthesia depends on [ ] of anesthetic in the brain. Rate of effective [ ] depends on what 5 things?

Answer 1

1. [ ] of anesthetic in the inspired air
2. alveolar ventilation rate
3. pulmonary blood flow (cardiac output)
4. Blood: gas partition coefficient
5. Potency (oil: gas partition)

Question 2

Reaching steady-state anesthesia required 4 phases:?

Answer 2

Phase I: lung factors
Phase II: uptake of GA from alveoli to the blood
Phase III: uptake form arterial blood to body tissue (esp brain)
Phase IV: tissue distribution

Question 3

Products of which metabolism are often adverse rxn to volatile anesthetics?

Answer 3

Hepatic

Question 4

Anesthetic is equally soluble in blood and _____ , but are more soluble in ______.

Answer 4

lean tissue

fatty tissue

Question 5

most widely used inhalation anesthetic

Answer 5

isofluorane

• more potent, less incident of hepatotoxicity
• less seizure propensity
• pungent - trigger cough

Question 6

Sleep is a _____state, and the indiv. need for sleep is genetically determined

Answer 6

behavioral

Question 7

Chronic jet lag and shift work →

sleep deprivation→ _____

Answer 7

hippocampal atrophy

Question 8

____Nucleus conveys circadian info recieved from retina to sleep wake switch in the hypothalamus

Answer 8

superior collicus nucleus

- synchronizes sleep cycle with circadian rhythm

Question 9

ventrolateral preoptic area (VLPO) inhibits arousal during ____ sleep, but active in ___

Answer 9

NREM

REM

Question 10

REM sleep is driven by _____ and ______

Answer 10

pedunculo pontine )PPT)

Laterodorsal tegmental (LDT)

Question 11

homeostatic system (process S) likely mediated by which NT?

Answer 11

Adenosine

Question 12

Melatonin reduces ____ activity and arousal

Answer 12

superior colliculus nucleus

Question 13

evolution of insomnia “ 3 P’s”

Answer 13

predisposed
precipitant
perpetuating factors

insomnia increase accident risk, wt, depression, HTN