Week 2 Flashcards
Give some examples of health promotion GPs are involved in?
Screening
immunisations
neonatal earing screening
health visitor visit
At the 6-8 week GP screen, what will be discussed with the parents?
Feeding of baby parental concerns? development Physical - growth, head circumference etc Diagnses/ concerns Sleeping position
When should a child not be immunised?
If the have a fever
Up to what age can a child be seen at the paediatric outpatients?
14
Give examples of comon presenting complaints in children?
Growth concerns UTI Constipation Headache Abdominal pain Funny turns Heart murmur Food allergy/ intoleracne Is it asthma?
What are common minor abnormalities that a child may present with?
Head shape - excessive/ poor growth
skin lesions
feeding concerns
In an infant, what would sugest a renal tract abnormality?
Unusual organism causing a urinary tract infection
What treatment is required for constipation in children?
Laxatives
attention to food/ drink
toileting behavour advice
If a child presents with abdominal pain, what 2 diagnoses do you not want to miss and how would you test for them?
Coeliac disease - TTG
Inflammatory bowel disease - CRP and colonoscopy
With regard to a headache in an infant, what signs and symptoms would be concerning?
Headaches on waking worse with coughing ot bending associated vomiting visual disturbance gait disturbance head tilt cranial nerve palsy
When assessing a funny trn what should you ask the parent to do if it happens again?
Video it
What are worrying signs if an infant presents with a cardiac murmur?
Breathless or blue
Give some differences comparing the childs anatomy to adult anatomy.
Infants have a relatively large head and prominent occiput
High anterior larynx
floppy epiglottis
more flexible ribs
sitting height proportionally more
relatively large surface area compared to volume
If a child is septic, what sort of treatment is required?
Supportive and antimicrobial
Which virus causes bronchiolitis?
RSV
What kind of treament is required for croup?
Steroid treatment
Describe the rash in meningitis?
Non-blanching haemorrhagic rash
What investgations are required for suspected meningitis?
Lumbar puncture and imaging
What can cause a GI obstruction in an infant?
Congenital pyloric stenosis
volvulus
intussusception
malrotation
What is the most common cause of the acute abdomen in an older child?
Appendicitis
What is the most common arrythmias seen in children?
SVT
Define the <5 mortality rate.
Number of children who die before completing 5 years of age per 1000 live births in a country or community
Why is the <5 mortality rate so important?
Measure of development of countries and the welfare of children
What are the 5 most common causes of death in <5 years in developing countries?
Pneumonia Preterm birth complications Intrapartum related complications Diarrhoea Malaria
List the factors which affect child health globally.
Economic political social scientific technological factors
What % of deaths of children in 2012 were cause by a preventable disease or disease which is easily treated?
70%
What value of child deaths are linked to malnutrition?
1/3rd
Children in developing countries are how much more likely to die before the age of 5 than children in developed countries?
10 times more likely
According to 2012 WHO statistics, what areas of the world show insufficient progress, no progress or reversal in terms of child mortality?
Sub-Saharan Africa down to South Africa
India
Middle east
Define neonatal death.
Child dies before 28 days
Define perinatal death.
death around the time of birth (including asphyxia and unexpected complications)
Define post-neonatal death
number of infant deaths occurring between 28 days and 11 months of life
Define infant mortality rate.
death of a child less than one year of age per 1000 live births
Define childhood mortality.
Death of a child before the child’s 5th birthday
What are the causes of stillbirths in the UK?
Abnormalities of the placenta
Premature birth
Antepartum haemorrhage
congenital abnormalities
What is sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI)?
No clear cause of death from post-mortem
