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COM101 > week 2-3 > Flashcards

week 2-3 Flashcards

1
Q

a system consists of phonology, morphology, syntax, and lexicon

A

language

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2
Q

Language is a system consists of (4)

A

phonology (sounds), morphology (word formation), syntax (grammar), and lexicon (vocabulary)

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3
Q

???, both written and spoken, is the primary means of communication for humans.

A

Language

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4
Q

Language can be acquired and learned. Language is acquired
through ???, while language learning may occur ???

A

a person’s environment;
formally (in educational institutions) or informally (self-learning).

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5
Q

The term communication is derived from the Latin word?

A

“communicare”

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6
Q

“communicare” meaning

A

“share with” or “to make common”.

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7
Q

can be defined as “a common understanding of something”.

A

communication

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8
Q

Generally, communication involves a ??? and ??? process of telling, listening and understanding.

A

systematic;
continuous

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9
Q

Communication is a ??? in which people create, send, and receive symbolic messages to construct and interpret meaning in a variety of situations and contexts.

A

transactional process

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10
Q

Characteristics:

Communication as a process (3)

A
  • a continuous, dynamic, and evolving activity
  • made up of interrelated parts
  • a symbol
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11
Q

When people communicate, they attach ??? to the ??? they use with the intent that the receiver of the message share the same meanings as intended.

A

meanings;
symbols

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12
Q

Communication is also affected by the larger system
within which it operates – i.e.,

A

culture, religion, ethnicity, nationality, socio-economic status, age, sex, political affiliations, and the like.

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13
Q

is a tangible representation of something abstract.

A

A symbol

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14
Q

According to Beavin and Jackson (1967), communication has
two levels of meaning.

A

content level
relationship level

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15
Q

It refer to the literal or denotative meaning of the message.

A

Content Level

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16
Q
  • It expresses the relationship between
    communicators.
  • It is the connotative meaning of the
    message.
A

Relationship Level

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17
Q

types of communication (mode) (3)

A

verbal
non-verbal
visual

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18
Q

Uses language, both spoken and written, in communication

A

Verbal Communication

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19
Q

Does not use language but other modes in communication, i.e., body language, facial expressions, sign language, etc.

A

Non-Verbal Communication

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20
Q

Uses images to transfer messages and/or information (symbols, signs, charts, diagrams, maps, graphs, imagery, photos, pictograms, illustrations/drawings)

A

Visual
Communication

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21
Q

types of communication (context) (5)

A

intrapersonal
interpersonal
extended
organizational
intercultural

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22
Q

Communication within oneself

A

Intrapersonal
Communication

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23
Q

Communication between one person to another

A

Interpersonal Communication

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24
Q

Use of electronic media

A

Extended Communication

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25
Q

The role of that communication plays in organizational contexts

A

Organizational Communication

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26
Q

Communication between or among people of different cultural backgrounds

A

Intercultural Communication

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27
Q

types of communication (purpose & style) (2)

A

formal
informal

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28
Q

Uses formal language

A

Formal
Communication

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29
Q

Uses personal, casual, and spontaneous language

A

Informal
Communication

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30
Q

refers to the environment where the interaction takes place. It can be in the form of physical, psychological, and cultural.

A

Context

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31
Q

is the source and encoder of the message, and the initiator of the communication process.

A

Sender (or encoder)

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32
Q

is the information, ideas, feelings, opinion, thought, attitude, and view the sender wants to deliver to the receiver.

A

Message

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33
Q

is the means or tool to transmit the
message.

A

Channel (or medium)

34
Q

is the barrier that affects the message from being sent, received, or understood.

A

Noise

35
Q

is the audience of the communication process who decodes the message.

A

Receiver (or decoder)

36
Q

refers to the response of the receiver to the message received.

A

Feedback

37
Q

communication models (6)

A
  • aristotle’s
  • lasswell’s
  • berlo’s
  • shannon-weaver’s
  • schramm’s
  • wood’s
38
Q

principles of communication (5)

A

transactional
inevitable
irreversible
goal-oriented
complex

39
Q

refers to the growth of economic, political, and cultural assimilation and interconnectedness of different culture which result in the integration of people across the globe
(Gamble et al., 2013).

A

Globalization

40
Q

Role of Media in the Globalization Process (6)

A
  • cultural exchange
  • greater tolerance
  • increased flow of information
  • learning of different languages
  • technological innovation
  • social movement
41
Q

This exchange has led to greater cultural understanding and
appreciation, and a more tolerant and accepting world.

A

cultural exchange

42
Q

Through media, people have been
exposed to different perspectives and lifestyles, leading to a more tolerant and accepting world.

A

greater tolerance

43
Q

Today, people can access information from anywhere in the world at any time, leading to a more informed and connected world.

A

increased flow of information

44
Q

With the rise of globalization, learning a foreign language has become a necessity. Media has made it possible for people to learn foreign languages through music, movies, television shows, and online language courses.

A

learning of different languages

45
Q

have transformed the way people communicate, access information, and do business, leading to a more
interconnected and integrated world

A

technological innovation

46
Q

have transformed the way people communicate, access information, and do business, leading to a more
interconnected and integrated world.

A

social movement

47
Q

Impact of Globalization to Communication

According to Nikolay Danev, globalization has had a powerful
impact on global communication. (4)

A

standardization of communication
increased connectivity
cultural exchange
new challenges

48
Q

The term glocalization was introduced by ???,
a British sociologist who used it to describe the interaction between global and local cultures.

A

Roland Robertson

49
Q

is a process of embracing both universal and local values, and places these in a familiar context.

A

Glocalization

50
Q

the primary means of communication during the new normal.

A

virtual communication

51
Q

refers to the exchange of information and ideas using technology-mediated channels, such as email, instant messaging, video conferencing, social media, and other forms of digital communication.

A

Virtual communication

52
Q

It allows people to communicate and collaborate with others
who are geographically distant or physically separated.

A

Virtual communication

53
Q

Impact of Virtual Communication (4)

A
  • easier & quicker connection
  • misinterpretation, misunderstanding, ambiguity
  • manipulating one’s identity
  • emoticons
54
Q

Ways to Enhance Communication in the New Normal (5)

A
  • give people space
  • empathy
  • ask questions
  • be forgiving
  • build relationships
55
Q

refers to the ability to effectively
communicate and interact with people from different cultural
backgrounds.

A

Intercultural competence

56
Q

According to Vulpe et al. (2001), the following are the core skills of an effective intercultural communicator:

A

Ability to:
* express understandable and culturally sensitive
thoughts, feelings, opinions, and expectations
* engage and immerse in the local culture and language
* establish shared meanings with the local people to avoid stereotyping and miscommunication
* develop a language capacity such as using local greetings and opportunities to use the local language in other contexts
* empathize with how the locals see the world

57
Q

Barriers to Effective Intercultural Communication (3)

A

ethnocentrism
stereotypes
prejudices

58
Q

It is the belief that a person’s culture is more dominant than the others.

A

Ethnocentrism

59
Q

It refers to assigning generalized negative traits to a group of people (e.g., race, nationality, religion,
social class, sexual orientation, age, gender) even if these may only reflect a selected few of the group.

A

Stereotypes

60
Q

These are unfair thoughts, beliefs, or feelings of dislike for a person or group because of race, nationality,
religion, gender, age, and the like.

A

Prejudices

61
Q

Barriers to Effective Intercultural Communication (2)

A

assumption of similarity;
intercultural communication anxiety

62
Q

It is a baseless, unreasonable
refusal to see cultural differences where they exist.

A

Assumption of Similarity

63
Q

It refers to the fear
associated with either real or anticipated communication with
people from another cultural group.

A

Intercultural Communication Anxiety

64
Q

refers to the shared beliefs, values, customs, behaviors, and artifacts that characterize a group or
society. It includes the way people live, communicate, interact, and understand the world around them.

A

Culture

65
Q

Characteristics of Cultures (5)

A
  • learned, not innate
  • shared
  • multifaceted
  • dynamic
  • overlapping
66
Q

People learn culture through socialization, education, and exposure to various cultural practices and beliefs.

A

Cultures are learned, not innate.

67
Q

Culture exists within a group or society and is shared among its members, which provides a sense of belonging and identity to individuals within the
group.

A

Cultures are shared.

68
Q

Culture is a complex system of
beliefs and practices that reflect the diversity of human experience.

A

Cultures are multifaceted.

69
Q

Culture is dynamic and constantly
evolving. It is shaped by various factors such as globalization, migration, technological advancements, and interactions with other cultures.

A

Cultures are dynamic.

70
Q

People may identify with multiple cultural groups and may have different cultural identities depending on the context.

A

Cultures identities are overlapping.

71
Q

refers to the awareness, knowledge, and appreciation of different cultural practices, beliefs, and values.

A

Cultural sensitivity

72
Q

Developmental Model of Cultural Sensitivity [stage 1-6]

A

denial
defense
minimization
acceptance
adaptation
integration

73
Q

People deny that cultural differences exist and assume that everyone shares the same
values and beliefs.

A

Stage 1: Denial

74
Q

People recognize that cultural differences exist but view them negatively. They may feel threatened by people from different cultures and may view their own culture as superior.

A

Stage 2: Defense

75
Q

People recognize cultural differences but minimize its significance. They may believe that everyone is essentially the same, and cultural differences are not important.

A

Stage 3: Minimization

76
Q

People recognize and value cultural
differences. They understand that people from different cultures have different beliefs, values, and behaviors, and they accept and respect these differences.

A

Stage 4: Acceptance

77
Q

People actively seek out opportunities to learn about and interact with people from different cultures. They adapt their behavior and communication style to better fit in with people from different cultural backgrounds.

A

Stage 5: Adaptation

78
Q

People fully integrate cultural differences into their worldview and identity. They can interact effectively with people from different cultural backgrounds and respect and value diversity.

A

Stage 6: Integration

79
Q

aims to understand and take into
account the societal and cultural factors involved in
gender-based exclusion and discrimination

A

Gender sensitivity

80
Q

is used to describe language, policies, or measures that are intended to avoid offense or disadvantage to members of particular groups in society.

A

Political correctness

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