Week 2 Flashcards
where does feedforward start?
integrating center
biorhythm
pattern to the variation of a controlled variable (parameter)
phase
certain point in a period
period
whole cycle
amplitude
strength/intensity of physiological signal in a phase
circadian
about a day
lunar
time it takes for the moon to go through its cycle
nocturnal
active at night
diurnal
active during the day
personal clock ->
internal triggers that align with our cycles
adaptation ->
genetic change, sets us up for survival
acclimatization ->
adjustable changes
clock adjustment
changes in set point
use-based change
individual change that is reversible
developmental acclimitization
occurs in developmental stages, cannot be reversed
direct intercellular communication
communication between cells that requires direct contact
gap junctions
proteins provide connections between cells, short narrow channels
tunneling nanotubes
longer, wider channels that larger things can move through
juxtacrine
cells are sometimes connected, passing messages, transient protein connection between membranes
indirect intercellular connections
uses chemical signals to communicate
paracrine
from most cells to other nearby cells by diffusion through the fluid between cells
autocrine
“self-message,” sends signal to cell to be sent back later
neurotransmitter
from neurons to adjoining cell by fluid between the synapse connection
endocrine
from glands and neurons to distant cells through the bloodstream
genome
identical DNA present in every cell
proteome
overall complement of proteins in cells, not the same in every cell
lipidome
the different lipids present in cells, vary based on the cells job
epithelial cells
set the boundary out/in
muscle cells
create mechanical movement
neurons
electrical communication
connective tissue
provide support
tissues
contains the same cell type (muscle, connective etc.)
organs
combination of tissues of different types
functional unit
smallest part of an organ that still completes the organs function
redundancy
can be perfectly healthy while not all functional units are working
expansion
can expand the organ while other units function
organ/body systems
collection of organs that work together to do a similar job
fibroblasts
part of connective tissue, creates fibrous proteins
collagen
“rope-like” structures that allow for slight movement
elastin
elastic-properties that can bounce back
fibronectin
long, thin connectors that make connections
viscosity
thickness of a liquid
what is the purpose of the ECM?
provides structures around our cells, “bioglue” of the body
how does the ECM influence cells?
helps cells survive, grow, and differentiate
intracellular fluid
water within our cells, known as cytosol, most abundant
interstitial fluid
fluid between our cells
plasma
the water portion of the blood
covalent bonds
strong bonds, sharing of electrons, and sometimes unequal sharing
