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Neurology > Week 2 > Flashcards

Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Control of speech motor function, non-fluent aphasia (high in content, but difficult to product)
-inferior frontal gyrus

A

Broca’s area

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2
Q

Understanding the written/ spoken language; posterior section of the superior temporal gyrus in the dominant cerebella hemisphere

A

Wernicke’s area (receptive language)

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3
Q

Cerebellum: 2 structures for axial movement and their nuclei

A

vermis (Fastigial nuclei)

paravermis (globose, emboliform, interpositus nuclei)

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4
Q

Cerebellum: moves the arms and legs )

A

Lateral hemispheres (dendate nuclei

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5
Q

Flocculonodular - action

A

Maintains balance

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6
Q

the only output neurons of the cerebellar cortex (synapse on one of the deep nuclei that send out their efferents outside the cerebellum)

A

Purkinje cells

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7
Q

Only direct input to the Purkinje cells from outside the cerebellum (from the olivary nuclei)

A

Climbing Fibers

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8
Q

Synpase in the cerebellae glomeruli with granule and golgi cells; the granule cell sends input to the purkinje cells

A

Mossy fibers

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9
Q

Have an inhibitory effect on the cerebellum

A

stellate & basket cells

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10
Q

Cerebellar Peduncles: superior

A

Ant. Spinocerebellar tract
Acoustic & optic Dentatorubrothalamic tract

Dentrothalamic tract (coordinates limb movement in the limbs ipsilateral to the cerebellar hemisphere of orign)

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11
Q

Cerebellar Peduncles middle

A

Pontocerebellar tract

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12
Q

Cerebellar Peduncles inferior

A

Vestibulocerebellar tract
Olivocerebellar tract
Posterior cerebellar tract
(from the vermis and flocculonodular lobes)

Cerebellovestibular tract
Cerebelloolivary tract

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13
Q

Vestibulocerebellum

A

Coordinates eye, head, neck movements; maintains balance

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14
Q

Spinocerebellum

A

Coordinates trunk and proximal limb movements

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15
Q

Cerebrocerebellum

A

Coordinates fine motor planning, anticipates sensory consequences of movement, cognitive memory of motor functions

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16
Q

Functions in control of reflex movements that orient the eyes, head, neck in response to visual, auditory, somatic stimuli
(origin of the tectospinal tract)

A

Superior colliculus

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17
Q

PNS to eye –constricts iris

Ciliary muscle, alters lens shape for accommodation

A

Nucleus of Edinger-Westphal

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18
Q

Medial geniculate

A

Thalamic relay nuceli for auditory information

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19
Q

Lateral geniculate

A

Thalamic relay nuceli for visual information

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20
Q

Involved in smooth muscle control

Degenerates in Parkinson’s

A

Substantia nigra

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21
Q

Relays nuclei between the cerebellum to the thalamus

Contains the rubrospinal tract (arm flexion is lost if lesion involves the red nucleus

A

Red Nucleus

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22
Q

Collection in the pons that receives input from the neocortex and sends crossing fibers through the middle cerebellar peduncle

A

Pontine Nuceli

23
Q

Noradrenergic brainstem nucleus involved in mood, sleep/wake cycles

A

Locus coeruleus

24
Q

One of several serotonin type nuclei involved in mood, sleep/wake

A

Raphe nucleus pontis

25
Q

Inferior/ medial vestibular nuclei

A

Regulates balance

26
Q

Nucleus/ tractus solitaries

A

Sensory nucleus for taste (CN VII), glands, chemo/baroreceptors (IX, X)

27
Q

PNS motor nucleus to lungs & gut

A

Dorsal motor nucleus

28
Q

Origin of the climbing fibers of the cerebellar purkinje cells

A

Inferior olivary nucleus

29
Q

Neurons/ axons in the brain stem tagmentum involved in arousal, respiration, heart rate control

A

Reticular formation

30
Q

PNS to the eyes, a/w CN III (5 separate muscles – 5 nuclei) – considered separate tho

A

Edinger-Westphal

31
Q

defined by its resultant signs and symptoms: ophthalmoplegia, chemosis, proptosis, Horner syndrome, or trigeminal sensory loss. Infectious or noninfectious inflammatory, vascular, traumatic, and neoplastic processes are the principal causes

A

Cavernous sinus syndrome

32
Q

travel with the internal carotid artery on their way to the dilator muscles of the pupil through the cavernous sinus

A

SNS fibers

33
Q

Movement that is toward midline, aligned with superior oblique

contraction will lead to?

A

Adducted

depression

34
Q

Movement that is away from midline: perpendicular to superior oblique

contraction will lead to?

A

Abduted

intorsion

35
Q

connection between the III (MR) and IV(LR) is called
It cause conjugate lateral eye movement, any failure in this will present the visual cortex w/ slightly displaced images: diplopia (abducens nuclei tied to the ventral nucleus of III, under control of?

A

medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF)

paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF)

36
Q

Oculocephalic/ doll’s eyes maneuver

A

eyes will remain in the original line of gaze when the head is rotated left or right= vestibule-ocular reflex (turning head to the right will cause the eyes to shift to the left) – due to the vestibular system; activation of the lateral semicircular canal to signal the right medial vestibular nucleus of CN III

37
Q

Saccades

A

fast movements (voluntary or reflexive), under control of frontal eye field

38
Q

Slow – pursuit movements

A

under control of POT

39
Q

Testing both movements

A

opticokinetic test (OKN) strip (striped fabric): initial slow pursuit and then saccadic snap back

40
Q

causes right hemiparesis (weakness), and eyes toward paretic side; left frontal cortex lesion causes a loss of the right PPRF input allowing the left PPRF to drive the eyes to the left

A

left Frontal Cortex lesion

41
Q

causes right hemiparesis and eyes away from paretic side; lesion of the left pons causes a loss of the left PPRF allowing right PPRF to drive eyes to the right

A

Left pontine lesion

42
Q

highest visual acuity area of the retina

A

Fovea

43
Q

horizontal gaze center is located in the

A

paramedian pontine reticular formation

PPRF

44
Q

vertical gaze center is located in the

A

midbrain reticular formation and pretectal area

45
Q

All input for horizontal eye movements will eventually end in t

A

the abducens nucleus

46
Q

major branches of an axon

A

collaterals

47
Q

3 cranial vagal nuclei
1- Visceral sensory information - taste, baroreceptors, gut distention

2- Motor innervation to the pharynx

3- Sends autonomic fibers to the heart, lungs, GI

A

PNS: II, VII, IX, X

1- Nucleus solitarius (II, IX, X)

2- Nucleus Amiguus (IX, X)

3- Dorsal motor nucleus

48
Q

Nerves affected in the cavernous sinus syndrome

A

III, IV, V1,2, VI

49
Q 
Miosis (constriction) 
nucleus? 
Ganglion? 
nerves? 
Muscles?
A 
Miosis (constriction) 
nucleus? Edinger-Westphal nucleus
Ganglion? Ciliary ganglion
nerves? short ciliary nerves 
Muscles? pupillary sphincter muscles
50
Q

Mydriasis

A

hypothalamus to ciliospinal center of Budge (C8-T2)
superior cervical ganglion
enters orbit as long ciliary nerve to pupilllary dilatory muscle

51
Q

Nucleus involved in the consensual pupillary light reflex

A

Pupillary light reflex

52
Q 
Mickey mouse face in the midbrain: 
Ears – 
Eyes – 
Nose- 
Chin-
A

Ears – cerebral peduncles & substantia nigra
Eyes – red nuclei
Nose- periaqueductal grey and cerebral aqueduct of Sylvia
Chin-superior colliculi

53
Q

OKT tests?
contralateral?
ipsilateral?

A

contra- saccades: frontal eye field

ipsilateral POT = parietal-occipital-temporal area

Neurology (7 decks)

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