Final Additional Cards

Question 1

Aspiny neurons lost in HD

Answer 1

Parvabuminergic

Question 2

Aspiny Neurons retained in HD

Answer 2

somatostatin neurons (NPY) resist HD

Question 3

gaze in parkinson’s

neck?

Answer 3

downward

Flexed

Question 4

mechanism of progressive supranuclear palsy

Answer 4

midbrain & cortical atrophy

NFTs

Question 5

progressive supranuclear palsy
eyes?
face?
tremor?

Answer 5

gaze upward/ difficulty voluntarily opening a closed eye (can spontaneously thought)
astonished look on face

Question 6

Role of the Striato-SNr neurons?

Answer 6

also has some SP

promotes eye movement

Question 7

Component of Lewy bodies

Answer 7

alpha-synuclein (aggregates ~ synucleinopathies)

Question 8

3 main groups of nuclei of the amygdala

Answer 8

Corticomedullary

Central

Basolateral

Question 9

Corticomedullary nucleus of the amygdala

Answer 9

input from the olfactory bulb

output to the hypothalamus via the stria terminalis

Question 10

Central nucleus

Answer 10

Major output of the amygdala

input is from the basolateral nucleus and the hypothalamus

output (ANS) is GABA, DA - Brainstem and hypothalamus

Question 11

Basolateral nucleus

Answer 11

major input of the amygdala
largest, most differntiated cells
Pyramidal/ Glutamate

input is from the sensory cortex, thalamus)

Main output is to the central nucleus
also has output to the enterohinal cortex and subiculum of the hippocampus

**important for learning fear (integrates emotions and memories)

Question 12

Tri-synaptic circuit of the hippocampus

Answer 12

perforant pathway
ERC > DG > CA3 > CA1
CA 3 and CA1 have commissure fibers to the opposite hippocampus and the septate nucleus

Question 13

ERC >CA1?

Answer 13

alvear pathway

Question 14

DG > CA3?

Answer 14

mossy fibers

Question 15

CA3 > CA1 -

Answer 15

Schaffer colllaterals

Question 16

Main output of the hippocampus

Answer 16

Subiculum (goes to the cortex)

input from CA-1

Question 17

neuro dz w/ calcification of neural tissue

Answer 17

Ubech-Weith disease

Question 18

What is the gyrus involved w/ the conduction aphasia?

Answer 18

supramarginal gyrus

Question 19

Transcortical sensory aphasia - lesion is where? w/ another symptom?

Answer 19

border zone between the middle cerebral and the posterior cerebellar arteries
also may have severe HOTN

Question 20

Gerstmann syndrome?

Answer 20

Anomic aphasia - anomia, agraphia alexia, right-side disorientation

left angular gyrus lesion

Question 21

Alexia w/o agraphia

Answer 21

Ability to write but cannot read
Lesion is in the left medial occipital and medial temporal lobe involving the splenium of the corpus callosum
Left posterior cerebral artery occlusion

Question 22

Can occur if you correct the hyponatremia too quickly

Answer 22

Central Pontine Myelinolysis