week 2 Flashcards
How do small farm adapt to economic disadvantages?
A = With short-term economic strategies, such as:
-Supplying to niche markets.
-Incursion into direct marketing, modes: (CSA), Farmer’s markets and roadside stands, (iii) Direct sales to restaurants, Other.
-Diversification of non-farm enterprises/activities, modes: Firm diversification, Product diversification, Value-added products,Services.
-Diversification of income from off-farm sources.
Challenge:
The business and marketing approaches for small farms are quite different from those for large businesses, requiring ….. to compete in the marketplace.
Adaptation
what are vertically intergrated agribusinesses?
efficiencies and low prod. costs
on what farming primarly focuses?
Farming focuses primarily on increasing production efficiency and maximizing income.
what is vertical intergration?
Vertical Integration: Merging of different stages of production into a single business. Agricultural firms that grow, process, and market their products are said to be vertically integrated.
what are Externalities/Externalized Costs of Production/”hidden costs”?
Impacts of an economic activity on individuals or entities when they are not included in economic analysis (ex. environmental pollution ; substandard working conditions and wages of agricultural labor).
associez la :supply and demand à la bonne définition:
influences price or cost of inputs.
influences price of outputs.
1 avec a et 2 avec b
what is price equilibrium?
point were supply meets demand
in economics “economy refers to:
efficiency
Small farmer’s aspirations
A global life project with strong environmental and social aspirations, grouped into five types:
trouvez quelques exemples pour chaque categorie
Acceptable workload
autonomy
quality of life conditions
decent income
search for meaning and comitment
Strategic choices are made in reference to three aspects of their situation:
site specifity
human and material opportunities and constrains of farmers and local community
what idea the sustainability paradigm supports
two caracteristics of mainstream markets
lower per unit costs and vertically integrated
