Week 2 Flashcards
Cardiovascular Conditions
What is angina?
Chest pain or discomfort caused by reduced blood flow to the heart.
What is cardiac output?
Total amount of blood that the heart can pump every minute.
What is an embolism?
Type of travelling mass in your bloodstream, most often it is a blood clot.
What is heart failure?
Condition whereby the heart can’t meet the needs of the body and any given time.
What is a stroke?
Occurs when blood flow to the brain is cut off. When the brain cells are starved of oxygen, they become damaged.
What is stroke volume?
Amount of blood pumped out every beat.
What is thrombosis?
Like and embolism, whereby a blood vessel that supplies a part of the brain gets completely blocked.
What is L) sided HF
The left side is pumping blood out into the body, this means it’s coming from the lungs. If it’s not pumping efficiently, then this blood get’s backed-up into the lungs.
What is R) sided HF
Pumps blood into your lungs and comes from the body.
Since it doesn’t pump blood as well to the lungs, it gets backed-up into the body.
Systolic HF
When the heart muscles aren’t pumping blood with enough force.
Diastolic HF
Filling problem, the body isn’t receiving because your heart isn’t filling enough blood.
Nurses Role in HF
- patient education
- emotional support
- medication administration
- care coordination
- assessment and monitoring
Stroke acronym
F.A.S.T
- Face: is their face drooping? can they smile?
- Arms: is there a weakness in their arms? can they lift both up?
- Speech: is their speech slurred?
- Time: if you spot any of these signs, then it’s time to call an ambulance
What is an ischaemic stroke?
Blockage in the brain. Caused by the build-up of fatty material in the blood vessels.
- This fatty build-up may lead to a clot which then blocks the blood supply, just like a heart attack.
What is a haemorrhage stroke?
Bleed on the brain. When the blood vessel bursts suddenly, causing blood to leak in or around the brain.
- this blood burst may then cause swelling around the brain.
Causes of ischaemic stroke
Embolism, Thrombotic stroke, watershed stroke.
Symptoms of angina
Heaviness in the chest, may also spread to the neck, arms, shoulders and back, or in the stomach area, particularly after meals.
Causes of angina
- narrowing of one or more coronary arteries that supply the heart.
- anaemia.
What is stable angina?
Caused by a fixed obstruction, a plaque.
- predictable and familiar pain patterns.
What is unstable angina?
Often a sign that a plaque has ruptured, or a clot has formed.
- unpredictable, even at rest.
- changed pain pattern.
Indications for a PIVC
- administer medications.
- replace/maintain fluids and electrolytes.
- transfuse blood and blood products.
Risks for PIVC
- extravasation.
- occlusion.
- haematoma.
- infection.
Nurses Role PIVC
- assess once per shift.
- assess patency.
- clean ports prior to access.
