WEEK 2

Question 1

CHAIN OF INFECTION:

Answer 1

Causative agent:
- Medication, “herd” immunity
- antimicrobial stewardship

Reservoir (source):
- Eliminate source
- Food, water, animals, people, environmental surface

Portal of exit:
- Prevent organism from leaving source
- cough etiquette, manage spills, care with body fluids (PPE)

Means of transmission:
- contact, airborne, droplet, vector
- Standard and transmisson precautions (stay home if sick)

Portal of entry:
- care for open wounds, IV sites, respiratory tract, broken skin, surgical incisions

Susceptible host:
- protect acutely ill, young and frail elderly, patients with low immunity
-Vaccinated

Question 2

5 MOMENTS OF HYGEINE

Answer 2

1. before touching a patient
2. Before clean/aseptic procedure
3. After a bodily fluid exposure/risk
4. After touching patient
5. After touching patients surroundings

Question 3

STANDARD PRECAUTIONS:

Answer 3

Implementing the standard precautions as the first-line to approach to preventions and control to the healthcare environment, minimising the risk of transmission of infectious agents from people to people (even in high-risk situations).

Example:
- Hand Hygiene
- Use of PPE from the risk of body substance exposure
- environment cleaning

Question 4

TRANSMISSION-BASED PRECAUTIONS:

Answer 4

Used in additional to Standard Precautions from clients that are known of suspected infectious that are spread by 1 of 3 ways; contact, airborne, droplets.

Example:
- Single isolation rooms
- Use of specific PPE
- Restricted movement for the patient and the healthcare worker.