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Mat E 202 > Week 2 > Flashcards

Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Metal necking: deformation _________ occurs in ______ place

A

Concentration

One

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2
Q

(And why)

A

The one on the left

(%RA)

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3
Q

Ceramics have _______ and _______ bonds

(Do atoms move easily)

A

Covalent

Ionic

(Atoms don’t move easily)

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4
Q

List the 2 types of ceramics

A

Crystalline

Amorphous

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5
Q

What type of ceramic is this

A

Crystalline

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6
Q

What type of ceramic is this

A

Amorphous

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7
Q

Can atoms move past each other in ceramics?

(And explain)

A

NO

(Because of strong bonds)

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8
Q

Metallic bonds: atoms can usually _____

A

Slip

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9
Q

What type of shape is this called

A

FCC

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10
Q

What type of shape is this called

A

BCC

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11
Q

What type of shape is this called

A

HCP

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12
Q

Polymers: covalent bonds within ______, secondary bonds _______ chains

A

Chains

Connecting

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13
Q

Where do we see deformation in polymers

A

In the SECONDARY BONDS

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14
Q

Polymers: funny name for them is molecular ______

A

Spaghetti

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15
Q

(What class of materials is this) Describe what is happening at each stage

A

Polymers

1) undeformed

2) elastic deformation

3) increasing chain alignment

4) chain sliding

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16
Q

In metals, deformation is concentrated in the
________ ________

A

Necked region

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17
Q

Deformation: in POLYMERS the neck _________ through the entire ______ ______ length

A

Propagates

Reduced section

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18
Q

Tensile toughness can be found from a stress strain graph as what?

A

The area under the curve

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19
Q

Bruh

A
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20
Q

Strong bonds = ______ materials

A

Stiff

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21
Q

List the 5 types of bonds from strongest (stiffest) to least

A

1) covalent

2) metallic

3) ionic

4) hydrogen bond

5) Van der Waals

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22
Q

Strong bonds= ____ melting points

A

High melting points

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23
Q

List the three types of bonds from highest to lowest melting points

(Metallic, van der Waals, covalent)

A

Covalent

Metallic

Van der Waals

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24
Q

What does “Von Mises stress” refer to

A

Non-uniform stress states

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25
Q

What does non-uniform stress states mean

(And 2 examples)

A

Bi or tri axial stress

(Flaws, cracks)

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26
Q
A
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27
Q

Which two scales can stresses be complex at

A

Macro scale

Micro scale

28
Q

Micro or macro stress scale?

A

Macro

29
Q

Micro or macro stress scale?

A

Micro

30
Q

Where is the gauge width on a dog bone

A
31
Q

Where is the overall width on a dog bone

A
32
Q

What is the specimen length of the dog bone

A
33
Q

DUCTILITY DEPENDS ON: gauge ______

A

Length

34
Q

How are hardness measurements done

A

Apply know force, measure depth or width of indent

35
Q

What does HB and HBR stand for

A

HB: Brinell hardness

HBR: Rockwell B scale

36
Q

Does hardness testing or tension testing give us MORE information

A

Tension testing

37
Q

Why would we do hardness testing (if tension testing gives us more info)

List 6 things

A

Cheaper

Faster

Easy to interpret

Mostly non destructive

No machining

Localized variations in properties

38
Q

What else can cause variations in mechanical testing (apart from compositional variations)

List 4 things

A

-machining variations

-operating bias

-calibration

-inhomogeneities

39
Q

What does “inhomogenieites” refer to

And list 3 examples

A

No material is uniform

(Cracks, inclusions, localized composition variations)

40
Q

What does the safety factor have to be GREATER than

A

1

41
Q

Brittle materials: the worst flaw dictates _____

A

Strength

42
Q

Why are smaller ceramics stronger (in tension)

A

Small sample has on average smaller flaws

43
Q

Ceramics: what is greater bending strength or tensile strength

A

Bending strength

44
Q

Where is the largest flaw in this ceramic

A

The longest line

45
Q

Where is the max tension in this ceramic

A

In the middle

46
Q

Failure can occur over a _______ of stresses

A

RANGE

47
Q

What does the Weibull distribution graph look like

(And key value on it)

A

m=Wiebull modulus

48
Q

Weibull distribution graph: where are low m values and what do they mean

A

Wide variability, m=5 for chalk, cement, bricks)

49
Q

Weibull distribution graph: where are high m values and what do they mean

A

Little variability in materials

50
Q

Wiebull distribution graph: what does it mean if m>20

A
51
Q

What is the approximate probability of survival (Weibull distribution)

A

36%

52
Q

What is this variable on the Weibull distribution graph

A

Reference stress where survival probability is 1/e

53
Q

What are the 3 factors of wear rate

A
54
Q

Is wear rate intrinsic or extrinsic and why

A
55
Q

HIGHER values of the Archard wear constant mean what?

A

Faster wear

56
Q

What is the red (middle largest) area on the west rate constant vs hardness graph

A

Metals

57
Q

What is the blue area (furthest to the left) on the wear rate constant vs hardness graph

A

Polymers and elastomers

58
Q

What is the green area (furthest to the right) on the west rate constant vs hardness graph

A

Technical ceramics

59
Q

What are thermoplastics

A

Plastics that MELT

60
Q

______ particles cause implant failures

A

Wear

61
Q

Give 3 examples of wear

A
62
Q

Poisson’s ratio: only applies to _______ deformation

(And why)

A

ELASTIC

During plastic deformation the volume is constant

63
Q

What can you find with Poisson’s ratio?

A

Strains

64
Q

Define creep

A

The slow and gradual deformation of materials, often caused by constant stress or a load over an extended period

65
Q

Give an example of creep

A

Deformation of metals

66
Q

What does the Weibull distribution show

A

Models the time until failure occurs

Mat E 202 (10 decks)

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