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Mat E 202 > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define microstructures

A

The fine structure that can be made visible and examined with a microscope

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2
Q

What are micro constituents

A

An identifiable element of the microstructure

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3
Q

Can microconstituents consist of more than one phase

A

Yes

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4
Q

Microstructure structure or micro constituent

A

Structure

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5
Q

Microstructure on micro constituent?

A

Constituent

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6
Q

Name this

A

Substitutional foreign atom

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7
Q

Name this

A

Interstitial foreign atom

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8
Q

Name this

A

Vacancy

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9
Q

Name this

A

Unit cell of alpha-iron

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10
Q

Name this

A

Edge dislocation

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11
Q

Name this

A

Screw dislocation

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12
Q

Name this

A

Incoherent precipitates

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13
Q

Name this

A

Continuous grain boundaries

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14
Q

Name this

A

Coherent precipitates

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15
Q

Name this

A

Grain boundary

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16
Q

Name this

A

Grain boundary

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17
Q

Name this

A

High melting point inclusion

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18
Q

Name this

A

Slip lines

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19
Q

List the 5 things on the bonding graph and where they are

A
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20
Q

Stress strain graph: what does it look like for a guitars string

(What type of steel is a guitars string)

A

Blue curve

(Martensitic steel)

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21
Q

Stress strain curve: what does it look like for spheroidized steel

(2 qualities of spheroidized steel)

A

Red curve

(Very week but ductile

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22
Q

List the 4 elements of the materials paradigm and where they are

A
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23
Q

Describe cold worked and recovered grains compared to regular grains

A
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24
Q

What type of bonds do polymers have

A

Covalent bonds

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25
Q

What type of bonds are covalent bonds

A

Secondary bonds

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26
Q

Polymers: ____ melting point, 3 other qualities

A

Point

Insulators
Weak
Impact resistance

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27
Q

What allows us to distinguish between classes of materials

A

Atomic bonding

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28
Q

What are the 2 things here

A

Big blue: ion core

Pink: sea of valence electrons

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29
Q

Ionic bonds: between _____ and ______ ions, electrons not ______ but ______,
non-______, strong and _______

A

Positive and negative

Shared but transferred

Non directional

Inflexible

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30
Q

What type of bonding is this

A

Ionic bonds

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31
Q

Covalent bonds: electrons are _____, strong and ________, comparable __________, ________

A

Shared

Inflexible

Electronegatitivies

Directional

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32
Q

Which type of bonds are generally the strongest

A

Covalent

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33
Q

What type of bonding is this

A

Covalent (electrons are shared)

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34
Q

Metallic bonds: “the ____ of electrons”, non-_______, variable ______

A

Sea

Non directional

Strength

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35
Q

What type of bonding is this

A

Metallic

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36
Q

4 properties of metals

A

Conductive

Malleable/ductile

Opaque

Good tension and compression

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37
Q

Are metals good or bad in tension and compression

A

Good

38
Q

What are the weakest type of bonds

A

Secondary bonds

39
Q

What type of interactions do secondary bonds have (main 3)

And what are these classified as

A

London dispersion, hydrogen, van der waal

(Classified as dipole-dipole interactions)

40
Q

What type of bonding is this

A

Van Der Waals

41
Q

What type of bonding is this

A

Hydrogen bonding

42
Q

What type of bonding is this

A

Secondary bonds

43
Q

Define the materials paradigm

(2 points)

A

The conceptual framework used to understand, design, and develop materials with specific properties and functions

Involves the study of the structure, composition, and processing of materials to tailor their properties to various applications

44
Q

Name the three classes of materials

A

Metals

Polymers

Ceramics

45
Q

Should properties vary with the amount of material sampled

A

No

46
Q

Define a property

A

A characteristic of something that can be measured or observed and provided info about its behaviour, composition, or quality

47
Q

What deformation process is this

A

Forging

48
Q

What deformation process is this

A

Direct extrusion

49
Q

What deformation process is this

A

Indirect extrusion

50
Q

List the 4 modes of loading

A

Tension
Compression
Bending
Shear

51
Q

What happens to atoms in tension and compression

A

Tension: atoms pulled apart

Compression: pushing atoms together

52
Q

What is bending a combination of

A

Tension and compression

53
Q

What what happens to atoms during shear

A

Atoms moving against each other

54
Q

What mode of loading is this

A

Bending

55
Q

What mode of loading is this

A

Shear

56
Q

“If each sample has a different cross section, how do you tell which is strongest” relates to what calculation

A

Engineering stress

57
Q

What does “different cross sectional areas”, Ao, look like

A
58
Q

Which calculation answers the question “how do we tell how much a sample has deformed”

A

Engineering strain

59
Q

What calculation relates to compression

A

Compressive stress

60
Q

What does a stress-strain curve generally look like

(4 things)

A

-elastic deformation
-yield strength
-UTS (plastic deformation)
-Slope (Young’s modulus)

61
Q

Plastic and elastic deformation: state which is recoverable and which isn’t

A

Elastic: recoverable

Plastic: non-recoverable

62
Q

Why is elastic deformation RECOVERABLE

A

Because you’re stretching atoms

63
Q

Define yield strength

A

The stress at which a material begins physically deforming and WON’T return to its original shape when an applied stress is removed

64
Q

Define UTS

A

The maximum stress a material can withstand BEFORE breaking

65
Q

Where is fillet radii on a dog bone

A
66
Q

What is the purpose of fillet radii

A

-distributes stress by reducing concentrations at the junction of two intersection components

(Smooth transition to minimize crack and failures)

67
Q

Describe where the “reduced section” and “gauge length” are on a dog bone

A
68
Q

What is the reduced section of a dog bone and what is it used for

A

The areas of the body ne where it narrows due to deformation

Used for calculating true stress as the material undergoes deformation

69
Q

What is the gauge length of a dog bone and what is it used for

A

The designated region of the bone where strain is measured during tensile testing

Used for strain measurements

70
Q

Describe the three stages of what bonds look like during the process of elastic deformation

A
71
Q
A

Good to look at

72
Q

Plastic deformation: onset is at _____ _____ on stress strain curve

A

Yield point

73
Q

Stress strain curve: engineering stress rises until the ______ is reached

A

UTS

74
Q

Stress strain curve: WHERE DOES NECKING OCCUR

A

Necking occurs at the UTS

75
Q

How to draw the yield offset

A

Draw a line parallel to the LINEAR elastic region offset by a strain of 0.2%

76
Q

Why do we draw the yield offset

(And what are we calculating when we do this)

A

Since yield tends to be gradual this is how we determine yield stress

77
Q
A

Bruh

78
Q

When is a sample brittle and when is it ductile on a stress strain curve

A
79
Q

What question does the %EL formula answer

A

How did the LENGTH of the sample change during deformation

80
Q

What question does the %RA answer

A

How did the CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA of the sample change

81
Q

What does a true stress strain curve look like, a corrected one, and an engineering one

A
82
Q

“If a sample expands along the z axis, what happens along the x and y axis?”

Can be answered by which formula

A

Poison’s ratio

83
Q

Theoretically, what is Poisson’s ratio for isotropic materials

A

b=0.25

84
Q

What are isotopic materials

A

Materials with uniform properties in ALL directions

(Physical and mechanical characteristics are the same regardless of which direction they’re measured)

85
Q

3 examples of isotopic materials

A

Polycrystalline metals

Glass

Rubber

86
Q

In practice, what is the range for Poisson’s ratio for metals

A

v= 0.25-0.35

87
Q

Does this show brittle ceramics, ductile metals, or ductile polymers

A

Brittle ceramics

88
Q

Where something fractures is also called the _____ _____

A

Elastic limit

89
Q

Does this show brittle ceramics,ductile metals, or ductile polymers

A

Ductile metals

90
Q

Does this show brittle ceramics,ductile metals, or ductile polymers

A

Ductile polymers

91
Q

What happens to atoms during plastic deformation

A

They undergo permanent rearrangement

(Facilitated by the motion and multiplication of dislocations)

92
Q

Describe each line on the stress strain drive in terms of toughness: (and give material class for lines 1 and 3)

-steep linear line

-less steep line, parabolic down

-least steep, almost parallel to x axis

A

1) smaller toughness (ceramics)

2) larger toughness

3) smaller toughness (unreinforced polymers)

Mat E 202 (10 decks)

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