Week 2 Flashcards
Vmax depends on [?]
[E]
What is Km?
Km = [S] that gives 1/2Vmax
Km is ___ related to binding affinity.
inversely
Kcat (is or isn’t) dependent on the [E].
isn’t
PCR can detect mutations such as:
small insertions (incl. trinucleotide repeat expansions), deletions
This method can detect point mutations that remove or create a restriction site
PCR-RFLP
ARMS-PCR can ONLY detect
point mutations
ASO can detect
small insertions, small deletions, point mutations
This method can detect insertions, deletions and point mutations that remove or create a restriction site, trinucleotide repeat expansions
Southern Blotting
This method is frequently used in identifying triplet repeat expansions
Southern Blotting
Sanger sequencing can detect
deletions, insertions, duplications, and point mutations
This is the only method that can pick up on ALL mutations in a given region
sanger; good for discovering novel mutations
Define caudal
of, at or near the tail or hind parts, posterior
Define Cephalad
towards the head or the anterior part
-tomy
cutting into or incision (arthrotomy - cut into a joint)
-stomy
surgically created opening (colostomy)
-plasty
surgical repair (arthroplasty - surgical reconstruction or repair of a join)
-algia
pain (metatarsalgia - pain under the metatarsal heads)
-osis
abnormal condition (dermatosis - abnormal condition of the skin)
-malacia
abnormal softening (cardiomalacia - softening of the heart tissue)
-megaly
enlargement (oranomegaly - enlargement of the organs)
sagittal plane
left and right (think of side view, both side and sagittal start with “S”)
transverse plane
top and bottom portions
movement occurring at a point in time
-tion (pronation), -xion (dorsiflexion), -sion (inversion), -ing (inverting)
position of a structure
-ed (flexed)
fixed in a particular position
-us
translation movement
movement from one position to another in the transverse plane
opposition
bringing two objects together (bringing the thumb and index finger together)
supination (in the foot)
plantarflexion, adduction, inversion (ballerina touching the SoUP with her big toe)
pronation (in the foot)
dorsiflexion, abduction, eversion
How many movements in pivot joint?
uniaxial
How many movements in ball and socket joint?
multiaxial
How many movements in condyloid joint?
biaxial
What is an example of condyloid joint?
knuckles
How many movements in saddle joint?
biaxial (thumb)
How many movements in hinge joint?
uniaxial
How many movements in plane joint?
uniaxial
This muscle shape is feather-like.
pennate
This muscle shape is spindle shaped
fusiform (biceps brachii m.)
Leg muscles anterior group
Tibialis anterior, Extensor hallucis longus, Extensor digitorum longus, Peroneus tertius
Three Eyes Examine Points (TEEP)
Leg posterior superficial muscles
Gastrocnemius, soleus
Leg posterior deep muscles
Tibialis posterior, Flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus
Lateral muscle group of leg
Peroneus brevis (PB), Peroneus longus (PL)
First plantar layer of the foot
Abductor hallucis, Flexor digitorum brevis, abductor digiti minimi
Second plantar layer of the foot
Quadratus plantae, Lumbricals (there are 4)
Third plantar layer of the foot
Flexor hallucis brevis, Adductor hallucis, Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Fourth plantar layer of the foot
Plantar Interossei (there are 3)
Macule
a flat lesion represented only by a color change on the skin (you cannot feel the border with your finger)
Papule
a solid raised lesion with distinct borders
Plaque
a solid, raised, flat-topped lesion
Vesicle
a raised lesion (often filled with clear fluid) <1cm
Bullae
circumscribed (outline is obvious) fluid-filled lesion >1 cm
Pustule
circumscribed, elevated pus filled
Wheal
edema or swelling
Burrow
linear lesion that is produced by infestation of skin
Telangiectasia
spider vein
Excoriation
broken area of skin due to scratching
Lichenification
thickening of the epidermis
Eschar
hard plaque covering an ulcer or wound (may look like charcoal)
Petechiae
small, bleeding lesions that do not blanch with pressure
Purpura
large hemorrhagic areas of bleed
primary radiation
the radiation emitted from the X-ray tube
Scatter radiation
radiation that enters a patient and is deflected from its initial course but may still contact and expose the x-ray film
What are the 3 basic amino acids?
Lysine (Lys, K), Histidine (His, H), Arginine (Arg, R)
A nucleosome contains
core octamer subunit, histones (H1, H2A, H2B, H3, H4), basic/positive charged amino acid residues (K, H, R)
Adding an acetyl group (acetylation) to a histone will
weaken the DNA-Histone interaction. the acetyl group will neutralize the positive charge of the lysine making the bond to negatively charged DNA weaker
Cytosine methylation
adding a methyl group to cytosine which is a permanent process. this silences the gene
Which subunit of eukaryotic DNA polymerase is the activity hub (has primase activity)
alpha
Which subunit of eukaryotic DNA polymerase is the proofreader?
delta
