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applied exercise science > week 2 > Flashcards

week 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

cardiac output (CO) =

A

heart rate x stroke volume

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2
Q

with activity, what happens to HR, SV, CO, SBP, DBP

A
  • HR: goes up
  • SV: goes up
  • CO: goes up
  • SBP: goes up
  • DBP: stays the same
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3
Q

MABP =

A
  • DBP + 1/3(SBP-DBP)
  • usually between 65-110
  • average arterial pressure during a single cycle
  • in general, need MABP > 60 mmHg to sustain organs
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4
Q

relationship between heart rate and intensity of workload

A
  • fairly linear
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5
Q

heart rate and training

A
  • with a given workload, HR with training will be less than before trianing period
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6
Q

cardiac output will [ ] then [ ]

A
  • increase then plateau
  • SV will also increase then plateau while HR is more linear

CO = HR x SV

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7
Q

HR, VO2, and increasing work

A
  • relationship between VO2 and HR allows prediction of VO2 with HR
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8
Q

pathologies affecting the heart

A
  • coronary artery disease
  • angina: typically 1-15 minutes - longer can be prelude to HA
  • chronic angina: long-lasting, stable, brought on by exercise/stress/heavy meal, regular over months and years
  • unstable angina: can happen at rest, most serious - can signal future HA
  • angina causes myocardial ischemia, dysrythmias, but less likely to cause a HA in itself because. HA is due to blockage
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9
Q

questions to ask patients with heart pathologies

A
  • ask if they feel better or worse when activity is stopped
  • takes 3 nitros in 10 minutes if they take nitroglycerine
  • call if no change or call to let dr know about episode if they feel better
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10
Q

double product - relation to anginal threshold

A
  • HR x SBP = “double product” AKA rate-pressure product
  • equivalent to heart’s workload or VO2
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11
Q

how many patients will be able to change anginal threshold value

A
  • < 5% - fairly fixed
  • but what can we do to improve performance knowing we won’t change where the actual line is drawn?
  • we can lower HR and SBP by slowly increasing work and intensity of exercise to allow conditioning
  • if HR and SBP don’t go up as much, can shift curve to the right
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12
Q

angina scale

A
  • rating of chest pain
  • 3+ warrants stopping exercise
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13
Q

atrial fibrillation

A
  • 5% of adults over 65 have A-fib
  • greater risk for throwing clots: will be on coumadin/anticoags to decrease risk
  • > 50% of adults > 65 years have dysrhythmias
  • pulse rate does not work with pt with dysrhythmia: a-fib (need stethoscope to measure HR)
  • uncontrolled a-fib > 100 BPM HR
  • controlled a-fib up to 100 BPM HR
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14
Q

more pathologies affecting heart

A
  • congestive heart failure: swelling, difficulty breathing, weight gain (need rest, diet, meds, modified daily activities)
  • coronary artery disease
  • hypertension
  • dysthymians - atrial vs ventricular (more severe and serious)
  • valvular insufficiency/stenosis
  • myocarditis
  • cardiomyoptahy: inflamed heart muscle (1. dilated is most common with enlarged heart cavities 2. hypertrophic 3. restrictive)
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15
Q

assessment of function of the heart as PTs

A
  • HR (drugs)
  • BP
  • double product (HR x SBP)
  • EKG rate/rhythm and ST-level
  • angina
  • lightheadedness

EKG rate is differential for heart problem

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16
Q

borg dyspnea scale

A
  • want 4-6 or 12-14 target for pulmonary rehab
17
Q

dyspnea level – objective qualification

A
18
Q

i-STRONGER tool kit

A
  • goal: 2-3 sets x 8 to FAILURE
  • progress: > 8 reps
  • ADLs, transfers, dishwasher loading
  • tricep dips, bicep curls, wall push-ups
  • weighted vests
19
Q

3 categories of exercise

A
  • strength training: usually isolated muscle groups
  • therapeutic activities and transfers: crossover with OT
  • neuromotor training - balance and gait: how can you combine with strength training
20
Q

strength training LE

A
21
Q

therapeutic activities and transfers

A
22
Q

functional bridging progression

A
  • supine bridges
  • suprine bridges with weights or 5 sec hold at top
  • bridges with marching at top
  • bridges with marching and weight or 5s hold at the top
  • bridges with knee extension
  • bridges with knee extension and weight or 5s hold at the top
23
Q

neuromotr training

A
24
Q

neuromotor training balance progression

A
25
Q

stepping exercise progrssion

A
  • vary speed
  • add dual task

applied exercise science (7 decks)

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