vitals and values Flashcards
heart rate
- RHR: adults 60-100, peds 76-85
- resting BP: women 110/70, men 120/80
- exercise max BP: with full monitoring 250/115. clinical 200/100-220/110
- resting RR 12-18
- distresting RR 20+
BP ranges
VO2 max (mL/min/kg)
- deconditioned middle age adults: 30-40
- conditioning (months): 45-55
- high level endurance athletes: 70
- high level cross country skiers: 80
- sedentary young adults: 45
- sedentary middle age adults: 35
- post MI: 22 (up ~20% with training)
- severe pulmonary disease: 13
METS: metabolic equivalent
measure of efficiency: increase VO2 to be more efficient
- 1 MET = 3.5 ml O2 consumed/kg body weight/min (VO2)
- moderate exercise METS:
- vacuuming: 3.5 METs
- dancing: 6.5 METs
- jogging: 7.0 METs
- bicycling: 8 METs
- running a 7 min mile: 14 METs
pulmonary function testing norms
- tidal volume: 0.5L at rest
- forced vital capacity (FVC): 3-5L
- forced expiratory volume (FEV1): 2.5-4:
- FEV1/FVC: > 80% in health adults
cardiopulmonary norms
- arterial blood gases (ABG)
- pH: 7.40 (7.2-7.6)
- pCO2: 35-455 mmHg
- pO2: 80-100 mmHg
- O2 saturation: 95-100%
- ejection fraction: > 55%
new york heart association (NYHA) classificaiton of heart failure
BMI and % body fat
- men percent body fat: 15-18%
- women percent body fat: 22-25%
blood glucose levels
- normal: 60-100 mg/dL
- pre-diabetic: 100-125 mg/dL
- diabetic: 126+ mg/dL
oral glucose tolerance test
- normal: >140 mg/dL
- pre-diabetic: 120-200 mg/dL
- diabetic: > 200 mg/dL
blood glucose and exercise risk
- risk of hypoglycemia: < 100 mg/dL
- able to exercise: 100-250
- warrants caution: > 250-300 mg/dL
- no exercise: ketones in the urine
red blood cell count (mm^3)
- men: 4.7-5.5 10^6 mm3
- women: 4.1-4.9 10^6
white blood cell count (mm^3)
- exercise as tolerated: 3,900-11,000
- caution with exercise: < 3,900 with fever
hemoglobin (gm/dL)
- men: 14.4-16.6
- women: 12.2-14.7
hematocrit
% RBC
- males: 43-49%
- females: 38-44%
platelet counts (mm^3)
- normal: 150,000-400,000
- no exercise: < 10,000 and/or temp > 100.5
- no resistance, non-impact: 10,000-20,000
- low impact, resistance: >20,000
international normalized ratio (INR)
INR in seconds
- 0.9-1.1: normal
- 2-3: normal if on anticoagulation therapy
- > 5: evaluation mobility and assess safety for discharge planning
- > 6: discuss with MD
normal responses in vitals to exercise
- increased respiratory rate
- rise in SBP
- minimal or no change in DBP: up or down 10 mmHg
- rise in heart rate: blunted by beta-blocker meds and age
- following exercises: BP returns to within 10 mmHg and HR to within 10 BPM of resting
when to stop exercise with CV concerns
- SBP > 250 mmHg with EKG monitoring
- SBP 200-220 mmHg without EKG monitoring
- sudden drop in SBP > 10 mmHg
- failure of SBP to rise
- DBP > 115 mmHg with EKG monitoring
- DBP 100-110 without EKG monitroing
- decrease in HR below baseline
when to stop exercise with neurological concerns
- dizziness/lightheadedness
- confusion
- ataxia
- shaking/tremors
when to stop exercise with integument concerns
- cyanosis or pallor
- diaphoresis or cold/clammy skin
when to stop exercise with pain concerns
- leg cramps or severe claudication
- chest/arm/jaw pain
- moderate to severe angina
when to stop exercise with respiratory concerns
- moderate to severe dyspnea: unable to say 5 words
- abnormal breathing pattern: wheezing, wet, stridor
- drop in O2 sats > 10% below baseline or at < 88%: does not recover within 5 mins of rest
when to stop exercise with endocrine/GI concerns
- suspected hypoglycemic response
- nausea or vomiting
