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Cardiorespiratory introducing practice > week 2 > Flashcards

week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Name some signs and symptoms of a cardiorespiratory dysfunction

A

shortness of breath
sputum
cough
wheeze
pain
changes in exercise tolerance
functional ability
psychological changes

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2
Q

What examination and assessment tools can you use in a cardiorespiratory objective assessment?

A

observation
palpation
auscultation
chest x-rays and imaging
pulse oximetry
arterial blood gases
pulmonary function tests
exercise tolerance tests
functional ability tests
information on nursing charts

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3
Q

name some exercise tolerance tests

A

6 minute walk test
incremental shuttle walk test
step test

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4
Q

Name some functional ability tests

A

elderly mobility scale
functional independence measure
acute care index of function

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5
Q

What do you look at during the observation part of a cardiorespiratory objective assessment?

A

general appearance
position
presence of lines. drains, evidence of surgical interventions
oxygen therapy and how much
respiratory rate
chest shape
chest wall movement
breathing pattern
work of breathing
abdomen - distended/incisions/post op drains/feeding tube

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6
Q

What charts may you look at during a cardiorespiratory assessment?

A

blood pressure
heart rate
temperature
oxygen requirements
oxygen saturations
respiratory rate
weight
AVPU
fluid balance
urine output
medications

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7
Q

What does it mean if skin is pallor?

A

potential anaemia/low BP

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8
Q

In what patients is pursed-lip breathing seen in?

A

patients with severe airway disease (COPD)

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9
Q

What do you need to look out for when observing eyes?

A

pallor - anaemia
redness (high bp levels)
jaundice - liver diseases/biliary obstruction
drooping of one eyelid and constricted pupil
oedema (excess fluid retained in interstitial spaces)

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10
Q

What do you need to look for when observing someone’s hands?

A

course flapping tremor (increase CO2)
fine tremor (medication related)
wastage
nicotine stains
cyanosis
clubbing
temperature - hot and cold

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11
Q

What are some causes of clubbing?

A

congenital heart diseases
endocarditis
cystic fibrosis
infective (bronchiectasis, lung abscess, empyema)
fibrotic lung disease
malignant lung disease
Crohn’s disease
ulcerative colitis

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12
Q

What diameter does the superior and anterior movement of the sternum increase?

A

increases the AO diameter of the chest

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13
Q

What diameter does the elevation of the ribs (moving them laterally) increase?

A

the lateral diameter of the chest

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14
Q

What does a distended abdomen do to the diaphragmatic movement?

A

inhibits the diaphragmatic movement and will restrict the lungs from expanding

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15
Q

What is the ratio of inspiration to expiration?

A

1:2

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16
Q

What are some abnormal signs of breathing?

A

indrawing/recession of intercostal space
tracheal tug
asymmetry
Hoovers sign

17
Q

What is Hoover sign?

A

paradoxical movement of the lower chest wall which occurs in patients with severe chronic airflow limitation. As the dome of the flattened diaphragm cannot descend further any diaphragmatic contraction during inspiration pulls the lower ribs inward

18
Q

Name the muscles of inspiration

A

diaphragm
external intercostals

19
Q

Name the accessory muscles of inspiration

A

scalenes
sternocleidomastoid
trapezii
pectoralis major and minor
serratus anterior
lat dorsi

20
Q

Name the muscles of expiration

A

passive elastic recoil of lungs

21
Q

Name the accessory muscle of exhalation

A

rectus abdominis
external and internal oblique
transversus abdominis
internal intercostal

22
Q

What do we want to listen to with someone’s quality of voice?

A

loudness
wet sounding
talking in full sentences
audible sounds

23
Q

Normal breathing is described as what?

A

Rhythmic

24
Q

At what rate does normal breathing occur?

A

12-16 breaths per minute

25
Q

Which part of breathing is active?

A

inspiration

26
Q

What is the bucket handle movement caused by?

A

upward and outward movement of ribs 8-10

27
Q

What is the pump handle movement caused by?

A

elevation of ribs 2-5 and sternum

28
Q

What is paradoxical breathing?

A

It is when the chest wall moves inward on inspiration and outward on expiration

29
Q

Name some examples of paradoxical breathing

A

Hoovers sign
flail chest
abdominal paradox

30
Q

What are fissures (in the lungs)?

A

a double fold of visceral pleura that fold back on one another to either completely or incompletely separate lung parenchyma to form lung lobes

31
Q

What are we listening for when using a stethoscope?

A

the quality of the breath sounds
the intensity of the breath sounds
the presence of any added sounds

Cardiorespiratory introducing practice (10 decks)

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