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ENSC 201 > week 2 > Flashcards

week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is a cal

A

a unit that describes the abilty to heat 1g of water by 1C

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2
Q

what is a joule

A

a uni of E that can produce 1 watt of power fro 1 second

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3
Q

what are the forms of energy

A

radiant
insolation
kinetic
potential

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4
Q

what is radiant E

A

energy from the sun that is stored in chemical bonds that is stored as chemical energy or mechanical energy

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5
Q

what is Insolation

A

incoming solar radiation
the rate of insulation experiences by the earth varies from region to region. The amount depends on:
-geog location - may cause solar to be stretched out over a larger SA
-season
-landscape
-weather

note that 2/3 of solar radion: 0.023% is used for phosyn

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6
Q

how is radiant heat distributed?

A

1/3 is reflected back into space
42% heats earths surface
23% causes evpa of oceans
and >1% is used for phsyn

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7
Q

what is chmical energy

A

radient E that is stored in chemical bonds for later sue

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8
Q

what is mechanical energy

A

the sum of kinetic and potential E

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9
Q

what si kinetic E

A

E that is derived from object motion

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10
Q

what is potential energy

A

the E that is stored at a particular position along a moving path

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11
Q

what are the laws of thermodynamics

A

1) E cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred form one from the anther
@) the entropy of the universe is always increasing (for spontaneous rxn)

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12
Q

what was the main result of the industrial revolution? how this impact society

A

cause a dramatic societal shift that was once agriculture-based to economy based. the industry rev increased the extraction and production of materials and fossil fuels by a lot

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13
Q

what is a renewable resource

A

the ability fo an energy source to be replenished on a human time scale (considered to be rapid)

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14
Q

what is a nonrenewable resource

A

an energy source that cannot be replenished on a human time scale -> takes thousands of years. though these sources tend to be every energy dense

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15
Q

what si phosyn

A

the process that plants convert radiant energy and CO2 and H2O to make glucose

this uses green pigments call chlorophyll (organelle chloroplast contains chlorophyll)

produces billions of tons of biomass (living matter)

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16
Q

autotrophs

A

generate their own food via energy capture (producers)

chemotrophs
autotrophs

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17
Q

heterotrophs

A

org that obtain E by feeding on other orgs

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18
Q

how is energy passed through each trophic level

A

through the composition of E by one org to another. note that E is always lost as E move up the chain due to metabolism

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19
Q

grazing food chain vs detritus food chain

A

grazing is the typical transfer of primar>secodnary>tertary>quaternary…

detritus is the consumption fo dead organic material by decomposers (bacteria or fungi)

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20
Q

how can an ecosystem be more resilient to stress

A

by having a greater diversity of spices in it

21
Q

GPP

A

gross primary productivity
the overall rate of biomass production

22
Q

NPP

A

net primary productivity
the GPP minus cell resp (this is the energy that will be lost during metabolism and locomotion of animal)

23
Q

what ecosystems have the greatest productivity? the lowest?

A

estuaries (freshwater meats ocean)
swamp/marsh
tropical rain forest

open ocean
desert scrub (desert with plant communities)
extreme desert

24
Q

what is the order of organization in an ecosystem

A

org>pop>commuinty>ecosys>ecozone>biomes

25
Q

was is a pop

A

a group of indiv of the same species

26
Q

what is a community

A

many pop ina given area

27
Q

what is an ecosys

A

collection of communities that interact with their physical environ

28
Q

what is an ecozone

A

the grouping of similar ecosystems (vegetation and communities)

29
Q

what is a biome

A

the grouping of ecozones based on the dominating life forms and adaptations or organisms in the environ
Ex. grassland, freshwater, marine, desert…

30
Q

what is soil

A

the mixture of inorganic and orgainic matter with air and water

31
Q

what are the nutrients for soil fertility?

A

P, N, K

32
Q

what makes up a soil profile. what are they

A

soil horizons

(O) humus
(A) topsoil- had decomposed dead matter and minerals
(E) eluviated (not always present)
(B) subsoil- may be bleached
(C) transitional
(D)parent

33
Q

limiting factor principle

A

abiotic factors determine whether an org can survive in a given area or not
in order to survive, the require abiotic factors must meet a minimum thresh hold

34
Q

what is a niche

A

the role an org plays in a community relative to the envrion conditions for the species to survive

-note that a niche is specific to a species, not 2 species can occupy the same niche

35
Q

fundamental vs realized niche

A

fundamental is where the species can be found. realized is where the spices is actually found

36
Q

intra vs inter specific competition

A

intra is within the same population while inter is between populations. this may limit species to a particular area

37
Q

predation

A

when the predator benifits from the prey

38
Q

parasitism

A

when the parasite harms the host to obtain nutrients

39
Q

mutualism

A

when both species benefit

40
Q

commensalism

A

when the relationship where one org benefits but the other goes without benefit or harm

41
Q

what is a keystone species

A

a species with a strong influence on a whole community or ecosystem

maybe predators, ecosys engineers or a mutalist

42
Q

what is an ecosys engineer

A

create, change or destroy habitats (Beavers)

43
Q

what is biodiversity

A

the variety of life forms in a habitat or ecosys

there are three lvls
1)genetic
2)species
3)ecosys

44
Q

genetic biodiversity

A

the diversification of genetics (polymorphisms) within a population. this allow for increased resiliency and promotes adaptation

45
Q

what is species biodiversity

A

of different species living with a given ecosystem

46
Q

ecosystem biodiversity

A

the # of ecosystems in a given area

47
Q

at is a biodiversity hot spot, what are the qualifications

A

areas with high numbers of endemic species

must contain:
1)min of 1500 vascular plans found no where else in the world
2)have lost at least 70% of its primary native vegetation

48
Q

what is the optimum range

A

a range of ideal conditions that allow for a species to exist in a given area

Anything by one this range means that the environmental is intolerable for that spices

ENSC 201 (14 decks)

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