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ENSC 201 > week 1 > Flashcards

week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is carrying capacity?

A

the limitation of a species’ growth in a specific area, generally due to the availability and abundance of resources.

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2
Q

what is the cyrosphere

A

ice

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3
Q

what is the biosphere

A

an area that encompasses the hydrosphere, atmosphere and lithosphere, and all living organims

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4
Q

what is the environment comprised of?

A

atmosphere
hydrosphere
cryosphere
lithosphere
all the biosphere and the life and non living phenomena that exist within it

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5
Q

what is a greying population

A

distribution of a population in which a notable % of citizens are older, in comparison to the young/births. will show a boxy ice cream cone like structure

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6
Q

which tyeps of countries have top-heavy distributions or bottom-heavy distributions

A

Top: more developed countries (notable quality of life, finances and health care)
Bottom: developing countries

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7
Q

what is the demographic transition

A

the relationship between population size and economy
**relationship between BR and DR

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8
Q

what is phase 1 of the demographic transition

A

a high equilibrium, where BR=DR

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9
Q

what is phase 2 of the demographic transition

A

high expanding
a decrease in mortality, high BR w/ declining DR
-common with advanced health care

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10
Q

what is phase 3 of the demographic transition

A

low expanding
a maintained low DR but BR declines

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11
Q

what is phase 4 of the demographic transition

A

low equilibrium
low BR and DR are maintained

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12
Q

what is the overall trend that is generally expressed in demographic transition?

A

a steady population growth pattern, commonly met with higher lvls of consumerism

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13
Q

which countries partake in high energy consumption

A

those with ample resources, generally developed countries

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14
Q

what is GNP

A

gross national product
-this measures the value of products that are generated by a country’s citizens. the money generated may come within the county’s borders, or outside the borders, so long the business that is generating money is owned by a citizen.
-further GNP excludes the money generated by any foreign business operating within its borders.

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15
Q

what is GDP

A

gross domestic product.
the money earned by a country from the products made within countries borders.
Manufacturers may be from foreign or domestic countries

ie. china has production facilities in UAS, which contributes to the USA economy

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16
Q

what is an ecological footprint

A

the human demand on nature- in terms of the number of resources required to support a person or an economy, as well as the waste generated by the person or economy

17
Q

are the 5 factors for an environmental collapse

A
  1. damage to the environment
    2.climate change
  2. hostile neighbors
    4.withdrawal from support
  3. the societal response to a problem (environ, social or political)
18
Q

what is a main cause of climate change

A

anthropogenic inputs relate to an increased CO2 output. this started during the industrial revolution

19
Q

what is the predicted global mean sea lvl rise amount by 2100

A

0.43m-0.84m

20
Q

what are some implications of climate change

A

extreme temps and unpredictable weather patterns
longer growing seasons
increase coastal erosion + thawing permafrost
increase in the spread of disease
forced migration (via loss of habitat)

21
Q

what is sustainable development

A

that meets the needs of society without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs as well.

22
Q

what are the 2 components required for sustainable development?

A

the twin towers
Intergenerational equity: where development must not benefit the now, but harm the future

intergenerational equity: where the benefits of development must be distributed equitably of the current gen

23
Q

what is a mass extinction

A

is the rapid decrease in biodiversityacorss the earth and is very rare.

24
Q

how does mass extinction differ from background extinction?

A

background extinction is the gradual, slow, and ongoing turnover of pieces (disappearance is a slow manner) where as mass extinction is a rapid increase in the loss of biodiversity (happens very quickly and results in the loss of many species.)

25
Q

what is the main cause of species extinction?

A

the arise of new environmental conditions by which a species can no long tolerate, or adapt to other conditions.

26
Q

what are the three factors that challenge the environment

A

human population growth
consumption patterns
global climate change

27
Q

what factors contribute to the carrying capacity of an ecosystem

A

-food available
-consumption pattern
-whether the climate is changing
-viruses and unexpected events

28
Q

what is the general shape of a population distribution of a pop with a high birth rate? with a low birth rate?

A

high BR= pyramid

low Br= cone

29
Q

what is the purpose of GDP and GNP?

A

to measure the value of the goods and services of a particular economy

30
Q

what is collapse

A

the dramatic decrease in a population (human) size, or political/economical/social complexity over a long period and defined area

31
Q

how might the social response to a situation lead to a collapse?

A

1) pop may fail to anticipate that there is a problem
2)when the problem comes the pop may fail to perceive or acknowledge its existence
3) if they perceive it, they may fail to TRY and solve it. may see it as too big of an issue to even try
4) if they try to solve the issue, they may fail in doing so

32
Q

what is intergenerational equity

A

the notion that the development of the current generation much not occur at the expense of further generations

33
Q

intragenerational equity

A

the idea that the development of the current generation much benefit everyone equitably (to the point that we are treated differently so we can be equal)

34
Q

acid mine drainage: a positive feedback loop

A

the low pH of en environment eroded rocks containing heavy metals. the contact of water with heavy metals results in the production of a very string acid that kill many microbes and living orgs

ENSC 201 (14 decks)

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