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Historia De La Lengua II > Week 2 > Flashcards

Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Scandinavian assimilation to French culture in

A

9th and 10thC (they adapted to their customs)

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2
Q

Pact in 911 between

A

Rollo the Dane AND Charles the Simple ⇒ to agree that Scandinavians can stay

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3
Q

Harold II was influenced by

A

Earl Godwin, he was elected by witan, not direct son of the king.

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4
Q

BATTLE OF HASTINGS

A

(14th Oct 1066) ⇒ between the Norman-French army of William, the Duke of Normandy, and an English army under the Anglo-Saxon King Harold Godwinson, beginning the Norman Conquest of England.

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5
Q

BATTLE OF STAMFORD BRIDGE (25th Sept 1066)

A

There was a war between Duke William of Normandy (WHO WON) and King Harald Hardrada (king of Norway, his idea was to invade England by the coast)

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6
Q

Edward the Confessor

A

died without a male heir, which created some issue

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7
Q

Aethelred AND Emma (widow)

A

she remarried again, in this case with Cnut (a danish man becoming king)

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8
Q

THEN Cnut II (his son)

A

dies without an heir, therefore Edward the Confessor get access to the throne

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9
Q

Duke William

A

burns down Canterbury, receives the name of William the Conqueror or the Great, king of England

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10
Q

Consequences of the settlement

A

Socioeconomic: replacement of nobility; Norman prelates; merchant, craftsmen and soldiers

Sociolinguistics ⇒ DISGLOSSIA: two languages coexist in an organized way, English → low prestige;
French → high prestige

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11
Q

French:

A

Norman French (NF) / Anglo-Norman French (AN) → spoken by Norman rulers of England

Central French (CF) → French of Paris (>prestige)

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12
Q

Diglossia
2 PERIODS:

A
  • 11th to mid 12th
  • 12th to early 13th
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13
Q

Diglossia
2 PERIODS:
11th to mid 12th

A
  • English kings without a good command of English up to Edward I
  • Norman troops in England
  • 90% of population spoke English, rulers spoke French
  • Golden Age of Norman literature
  • Henry II married Eleanor of Aquitaine > epansion of dukedom of Normandy
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14
Q

Diglossia
2 PERIODS:
12th to early 13th

A

new sociolinguistic patterning intermarriage (>bilinguals), use of NF among AS elites

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15
Q

The decline of Anglo-Norman and the spread of monolingual English:

A

Historical events

Linguistic factors

The path towards monolingual written English

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16
Q

1204 →

A

King John loses Normandy to King Philip of France ⇒ A nobility chooses allegiance > weakening of
ties Normandy - England: the identity of the group becomes stronger.

17
Q

1258 - 1265 →

A

Barons’ War (1258 - 1265) AND Oxford Proclamation (1258): the 1st official document in
English (Henry III). Demands of participation and power.

18
Q

1337 - 1453 →

A

The Hundred Years’ War: French was the language of the enemy; English victories at Crécy, Poitiers etc.

19
Q

1348 - 1350 →

A

The Black Death: lower classes more in demand > gain political power

20
Q

1381 →

A

The Peasant’s Revolt: Demand of better working conditions = INCREASING STATUS OF ENGLISH
LANGUAGE

21
Q

Linguistic factors > attitudes

A

NF: warnings against improper French
CF: prestige, L2 of English nobility

22
Q

Loanword

A

the borrowing of a lexical item

23
Q

Words =

A

form + meaning

24
Q

mixed language texts
‘Code switching’ →

A

population changing linguistically
In business, medical, scientific texts

25
Q

DONOR LANGUAGE ⇒ RECIPIENT LANGUAGE →

A

NATIVISATION: borrow the term and do what we want
to do with other verbs, adjs etc in the language

26
Q

Cultural vs intimate borrowing

A

Cultural: entity + lexical item; H&raquo_space; L

Intimate → H Language&raquo_space; L Language, ‘affected to its roots’

27
Q

EFFECTS OF LOANWORDS
General:
EITHER
OR

A

General: increase of English wordstock
EITHER loss of lexical items
OR if preserved > differentiation

28
Q

FACTORS OF LOANWORDS (3)

A
  • Language contact situation
  • Adstratum
  • Bilingualism
29
Q

FACTORS OF LOANWORDS
Language contact situation →

A

French (and Latin): prestige language(s). ON: continued linguistic and cultural contact (adstrate)

30
Q

FACTORS OF LOANWORDS
Adstratum →

A

languages spoken by groups of equal political and confined social power usually coexisting
in border areas or geographical areas

31
Q

FACTORS OF LOANWORDS
Bilingualism →

A

speakers may be more likely to adopt rather than adapt loans

32
Q

DIFFICULTIES OF LOANWORDS

A

Loanwords have a life of their own that cuts across the boundaries between languages.

33
Q

Fr.

A

No function words. Titles and ranks, food and meals

34
Q

Lat.

A

Learned, formal

35
Q

ON

A

Function words and common core

36
Q

OE

A

Common core. No systematic domains.

37
Q

Related words with different origins > dissociation:

A

semantically related words (that) are unrelated
etymologically

Historia De La Lengua II (7 decks)

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