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Historia De La Lengua II > UNIT 3 - ORTHOGRAPHY AND PHONOLOGY ME > Flashcards

UNIT 3 - ORTHOGRAPHY AND PHONOLOGY ME Flashcards

1
Q

A dramatic effect on the spelling of English

A

REPLACEMENT OF ENGLISH WITH FRENCH

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2
Q

VARIATION

A
  • Different regions
  • Individual scribes
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3
Q

MEDIEVAL SCRIPTS

A
  • Gothic
  • Anglicana
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4
Q

MINIMS

A

Sequences of unligatured verticals

i, u, m, n written as such

writing o for u

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5
Q

IN ME, ASH

A

DISAPPEARS

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6
Q

IN WRITING THERE IS A FRENCH INFLUENCE IN

A

ou, being a long u in pronunciation

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7
Q

Merger is

A

the collapse of two or more words into one

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8
Q

Merger in

A

unstressed syllables

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9
Q

Intrusion is

A

the addition of a consonant

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10
Q

Vocalisation is

A

a phonological process in which a consonant becomes a semivowel or a vowel

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11
Q

LOSS OF A CONSONANT DUE TO

A

EASE OF ARTICULATION

xsx

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12
Q

LOSS OF A CONSONANT- POSITIONS

A

INITIAL - APHERESIS
MEDIAL - SYNCOPE
FINAL - APOCOPE

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13
Q

OE gelimpen →

A

ME i-limpen

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14
Q

OE halgan →

A

ME halwen

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15
Q

Metathesis is

A

the reversal or reordering of two sounds

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16
Q

Simplification of consonant clusters led to

A

H-DROPPING

h was often omitted in writing and there was a drop of h- in initial position

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17
Q

Changes increasing the inventory of sounds →

A

phonemicisation of fricatives

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18
Q

Assimilation is typically motivated by

A

ease of articulation

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19
Q

Assimilation is

A

an articulatory change in which a sound becomes similar or identical to an adjacent sound in VOICING, MANNER OF ARTICULATION or PLACE OF ARTICULATION

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20
Q

Dissimilation is

A

an articulatory change in which a sound becomes less like an adjacent sound in voicing, manner of articulation or place of articulation

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21
Q

Dissimilation is typically motivated by

A

the need for perceptual clarity

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22
Q

Voicing was typical in

A

southern dialects

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23
Q

Voicing is

A

the addition of vocal cord vibration to a voiceless sound

s → z
f → v

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24
Q

OE fyxen →

A

ME vixen

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25
Q

‘FRICATIVE VOICING’

A

f voiced to modern English ‘v’ sound

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26
Q

Lenition is

A

the weakening or softening of a consonant sound

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27
Q

In ME vowel changes, we find changes in

A

the quality (place of articulation) and quantity (length) of vowels

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28
Q

OE hlāf → ME lof

A

SIMPLIFICATION OF A CONSONANT CLUSTER [hl]

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29
Q

OE cræt → ME cart

A

METATHESIS [r] + vowel → vowel + [r]

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30
Q

OE blо̄stma → ME blosme

A

SIMPLIFICATION OF A CONSONANT CLUSTER [t] with s

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31
Q

OE behæs → ME behēst

A

EXCRESCENT [t] AT THE END OF THE WORD → ADDITION OF A CONSONANT

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32
Q

The most important qualitative sound change we find in ME is

A

VOWEL REDUCTION

33
Q

OE folgian → ME folwen

A

VOCALIZATION [w] after [l]

34
Q

OE þȳmel → ME thimbel

A

INSERTION OF [b] BETWEEN [m] AND [l]

35
Q

Palatalisation can be

A

raising and fronting

36
Q

Velarisation can be

A

lowering and backing

37
Q

Raising vs.

A

Lowering

38
Q

Vowel reduction in ME is

A

the centralization and laxing of the short vowels

a, o, u, e end up being a schwa in many syllables other than those with primary stress, IN UNSTRESSED SYLLABLES

39
Q

Reduction of all unstressed vowels to

A

/ə/ OR /I/

40
Q

The unstressed or weakly stressed syllables are

A
  • verbal prefixes and some nominal prefixes
  • unstressed grammatical words
  • all inflectional endings
  • every syllable other than the first in polysyllabic words
41
Q

Schwa is

A

the most central vowel, the one which is the least marked or distinguished

42
Q

OE macodon →

A

ME makede

43
Q

ALL UNSTRESSED VOWELS COULD

A

BE REDUCED

44
Q

OE mо̄dor →

A

ME mо̄der

45
Q

OE talu →

A

ME tāle

46
Q

OE tūnas →

A

ME tounes

47
Q

OE wicu →

A

ME wēke

48
Q

OE dogga →

A

ME dogge

49
Q

OE bānas →

A

ME bо̄nes

50
Q

OE stelan →

A

ME stēle

51
Q

OE gladost →

A

ME gladest

52
Q

OE bīndan →

A

ME bīnde

53
Q

OE þrotu →

A

ME thrо̄te

54
Q

OE bītan →

A

ME bite

55
Q

OE lȳtel →

A

ME litel

56
Q

OE gо̄d →

A

ME good

57
Q

OE brū →

A

ME brow

58
Q

OE ū →

A

ME ou, ow

59
Q

OE о̄ →

A

ME o, oo

60
Q

y and i used as

A

VARIANTS of one another in writing

61
Q

Some OE diphthongs

A

were lost in Middle English

62
Q

Apart from vowel reduction, there are other changes

A
  • the merger of a, æ and ea as [a]
  • the surrounding of the high front vowel
  • the monophthongisation of the diphthong
63
Q

FOUR MAJOR SOURCES OF DIPHTHONGS IN MIDDLE ENGLISH

A
  1. Borrowing - [ɔi] AND [ʊi] from FRENCH. Chois, noise and joy.
  2. Vocalization of [w] to [ʊ] after ME a, o, e, I
  3. Vocalisation of [Ʒ]
  4. Glide before h
64
Q

OE clawu [klawu] →

A

ME [klaʊ]

65
Q

OE blāwan [bla:wan] →

A

ME [blɔʊ]

66
Q
  1. Vocalisation of [Ʒ]
A

[j] to [I] after ME front vowels, which produces [æi]

OR

[infinito] to [ʊ] after ME back vowels, which produces [aʊ] OR [ɔʊ]

67
Q

A glide, also known as a semivowel or a semiconsonant, is

A

a speech sound that is phonetically similar to a vowel but functions like a consonant in a syllable

68
Q

NEW DIPHTHONGS IN MIDDLE ENGLISH
OE [æi] ai, ay, ei, ey →

A

ME [ei]

69
Q

NEW DIPHTHONGS IN MIDDLE ENGLISH
OE [aʊ] au, aw →

A

ME [a]

70
Q

NEW DIPHTHONGS IN MIDDLE ENGLISH
OE [ɛʊ] eu, ew →

A

ME [iu], [u]

71
Q

NEW DIPHTHONGS IN MIDDLE ENGLISH
OE [iʊ] eu, ew →

A

ME [iu], [u]

72
Q

NEW DIPHTHONGS IN MIDDLE ENGLISH
OE [ɔʊ] ow, ou →

A

ME [oʊ]

73
Q

NEW DIPHTHONGS IN MIDDLE ENGLISH
OE [ɔi] oi, oy →

A

ME [ɔi]

74
Q

NEW DIPHTHONGS IN MIDDLE ENGLISH
OE [ʊi] oi, oy →

A

ME [ɔi]

75
Q

QUALITATIVE CHANGES

A

LENGTH OF VOWELS, and sometimes consonants

76
Q

Most common clusters causing lengthening are

A

-nd, -rd, -ld, -mb

77
Q

LENGTH is associated with

A

changes in intonation OR accent

78
Q

Open Syllable Lengthening is

A

THE ONLY SOURCE OF LONG A

Historia De La Lengua II (7 decks)

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