Week 2 Flashcards
African women are more likely than European women to _____________________, despite having a lower incidence of the disease
Die from breast cancer
Infant mortality rates are 2.5x greater for ___________________ and 1.5x greater for _________________ than European Americans
African Americans
Native Americans
Influenza death rates are higher for _________________ and ______________________ than European Americans
African Americans
American indian/Alaska natives/native Alaskans
Mortality for __________ cancer is highest for African Americans followed by native ____________ and ____________________.
Colorectal cancer
Alaskans and Hawaiians
Infant mortality increases as mothers level of education __________
Decreases
Overal cancer death rate is 1.2 x higher among ______________________ than whites
African Americans
What racial/ethnic groups are more likely to have been diagnosed with diabetes than their white counterparts?
Native Hawaiians or Pacific Islanders
American Indians/ Alaskan natives
African Americans
Hispanics/Latinos
African Americans accounted for nearly half of the ___________ cases between 2001-2004, and were almost 9x more likely to die from it in 2004
HIV AIDS
_________ are 3 times more likely to be uninsured than whites
Hispanics
Residents of _________ areas are more likely to be uninsured or covered by medicaid and less likely to have private insurance than those that live elsewhere
Non metropolitan
Adults with high school degree are50% less likely to have _______________ in the past year
Visited a doctor
What populations were less likely to have visited a doctor in the past year in the past year
Asian American and Hispanic adults
What populations were more likely to visit an emergency room in the last year
African American and American Indian/ Alaskan native
What are 5 categories of social determinants of health
Economic stability Education Social& community context Health and health care Neighborhood and built environment
What is social vulnerability and what is it linked to
“The inability of people, organizations and societies to withstand adverse impacts to hazards due to characteristics inherent in social interactions, institutions and systems of cultural values”
• Linked to the level of well being of individuals, communities and society.
What are provider issues surrounding the impact of cultural competence on clinical outcomes
Missed opportunity for screenings
Failing to take into account different responses to medication
Lack of knowledge abound traditional remedies (DDI)
Diagnostic errors from miscommunication
Inappropriate amount of diagnostic tests ordered
Patient issues surrounding the impact of cultural competence on clinical outcomes
Fear of being misunderstood or disrespected
Lack of adherence to medical advice due to lack of understanding or trust
Feelings of vulnerability
Confusion around PT and healthcare delivery
What are possible implications of language barriers
Higher rates of diagnostic tests
Lower satisfaction among LEP
More likely to miss appointments or drop out of treatment
What is reflection
A process we use to refine understanding of an experience
Reflection must be ________ and ____________
Active and intentional
Conscious reflection facilitates deeper learning beyond rate of memorization
Reflecting on an experience and incorporating what you have memorized, leads to
Learning from your experience and gives it meaning
Why is reflection important for PTs
Allows us to connect our experiences, preferences, and beliefs, to the experience of our patient
Reflecting from our own perspective can help us recognize our __________ and their impacts while allowing us to continually assess our ________ and its gaps.
Assumptions
Knowledge
Expert clinicians routinely use the reflective process when?
In the moment and after each patient interaction
What are the steps of reflection
What
So what?
Now What?
Describe reflection in action
Function at 2 levels simultaneously:
Attending to the task of interacting with a pt (subconsciously learned)
Continually questioning, observing, assessing, and adjusting our thoughts and actions throughout the treatment session (Active reflection)
Describe reflection in action
What worked? What didn’t work and why?
Describe reflection for action
What might you do if…?
What is content reflection
Analysis of the problem/situation from perspectives of all those involved
What is process reflection
Determining how we might approach the situation or what strategies we might choose in addressing the problem
Determine problem-solving strategies, determine efficacy of strategies chosen, and explore other available strategies
Premise reflection requires us to
Analyze and question our own assumptions or assumptions underlying the problems we face
Define assumptions
Taken-for-granted beliefs
Accepted without thinking
difficult to recognize
What is the most difficult level of reflection
Premise reflection
Premise reflection allows us to recognize ___________, and question them before we make___________ or ___________
Assumptions
Judgements
Decisions
What is bias
Outlook in favor or against one thing, person, or group compared with another
What are 5 types of bias
Cognitive bias Prejudice Contextual bias Implicit bias Statistical bias
Describe cognitive bias
Creating unreasonable perceptions
Prejudices=
Prejudgement
What is contextual bias
Experts developing incorrect assumptions (vulnerable to error)
What is conformational bias and what type of bias does it fall under
Only looking for information to confirm your hypothesis
Under contextual bias
Implicit bias is
Subconscious
What is statistical bias
Affects data collection that can affect results to misrepresent your intended population
Implicit attitudes are
Thoughts and feelings that often exist outside of conscious awareness that affect judgements, decisions, and behaviors
Essential elements to the process of reflection
Awareness of feelings or thoughts ( trigger event) > critical analysis of feelings thoughts and knowledge (association, validation, integration, appropriation) > new perspective
Critical thinking allows us to
Recognize assumptions, beliefs, and values that underlie our decision making process
What is the key to reflection
Self assessment
