Week 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
A
a condition in which the body’s immune system deteriorates.
2
Q
Acariasis
A
being run over or infested with mites or acariads.
3
Q
Arthropods
A
organisms that include insects, ticks, spiders, and mites.
4
Q
Bacteria
A
one-celled organisms named according to their shapes and arrangements.
5
Q
Combination-code assignment
A
a single code used to classify two diagnoses, a diagnosis with an associated secondary process, or a diagnosis with an associated complication.
6
Q
Candidiasis
A
fungal infections caused by the Candida fungus; also known as moniliasis.
7
Q
Escherichia coli (E. coli)
A
rod-shaped bacillus found in the large intestine of humans.
8
Q
Chlamydiae
A
a type of bacteria that lives inside a host cell and is usually dormant but at some point can become active in a disease process.
9
Q
Culture and sensitivity (C&S)
A
a test that identifies the type of organism causing the infection (the culture), and the sensitivity identifies the antibiotic that should be used to treat the infection.
10
Q
Dual-code assignment
A
occurs when two codes are needed to code a diagnostic statement.
11
Q
Helminths
A
organisms that include flatworms, roundworms, and flukes.
12
Q
Fungi
A
microscopic plant life that lack chlorophyll and are not able to manufacture their own food.
13
Q
Molds
A
caused by long filament-shaped fungi.
14
Q
Host
A
supports a parasite.
15
Q
Moniliasis
A
a fungal infection that can affect various sites; also called candidiasis.
16
Q
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
A
the virus that leads to AIDS.
17
Q
Infectious diseases
A
diseases that occur when a microorganism invades the body and causes disease.
18
Q
Parasite
A
lives within another organism and may or may not cause disease.
19
Q
Parasitic diseases
A
a disease caused by an organism that lives within another organism and that can cause illness.
20
Q
Pediculosis
A
an infestation of lice.
21
Q
Rickettsioses
A
a bacterial infection that is caused by a Richettsia organism.
22
Q
Pathogen
A
a microorganism that can cause disease in humans.
23
Q
Protozoa
A
one-celled organisms that live on living matter and are classified by the way they move.
24
Q
Septicemia
A
bacteremia with sepsis.
25
Sepsis
a life-threatening bacterial infection that causes clots to form, which block blood flow to vital organs.
26
Spirochetal
a gram-negative bacteria made up of spiral-shaped cells.
27
Single-code assignment
occurs when only one code is needed to code the diagnostic statement.
28
Severe sepsis
a septic infection with associated acute organ dysfunction or failure.
29
Viruses
the smallest of infectious pathogens.
30
Tuberculosis
an infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that spreads throughout the body via lymph and blood vessels and that most commonly localizes in the lungs.
31
Yeast infection
caused by unicellular fungi that reproduce by budding.
32
AIDS
a condition in which the body’s immune system deteriorates.
33
Parasites
lives within another organism and may or may not cause disease.
34
culture and sensitivity (C &S)
a test that identifies the type of organism causing the infection (the culture), and the sensitivity identifies the antibiotic that should be used to treat the infection.
35
Heart
a muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body.
36
Lungs
the main organs of the respiratory system.
37
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
a condition in which the body’s immune system deteriorates.
38
Respirations
the system containing structures that exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body.
39
Cancer
condition that is characterized by malignant neoplasm.
40
Benign tumors
caused by noncancerous growth of cells.
41
Biopsy
removal of tissue or cells for pathological examination.
42
Ca in situ (CIS)
neoplastic cells that are undergoing malignant changes confined to the original epithelium site without invading surrounding tissues; also called transitional cell carcinoma, noninfiltrating carcinoma, noninvasive carcinoma, and preinvasive carcinoma.
43
Carcinoma
cancer of epithelial cells of connective tissue.
44
Cancerous growths
a condition in which cancer cells multiply; also called a malignant neoplasm.
45
Encapsulated
surrounded by a capsule; confined to an area within a capsule; not able to metastasize.
46
In situ neoplasms
neoplastic cells that are undergoing malignant changes confined to the original epithelium site without invading surrounding tissues; also known as carcinoma in situ, ca in situ, or CIS.
47
Lipoma
a benign neoplasm of adipose tissue.
48
Carcinoma in situ (CIS)
neoplastic cells that are undergoing malignant changes confined to the original epithelium site without invading surrounding tissues; also called transitional cell carcinoma, noninfiltrating carcinoma, noninvasive carcinoma, and preinvasive carcinoma.
49
Leukemia
cancer of the blood-forming organs.
50
Lymphoma
cancer of the lymph nodes and immune system.
51
Malignant primary
refers to the originating site of a malignant tumor.
52
Malignant neoplasms
cancerous growth.
53
Morphology
the form and structure of neoplastic growth of cells.
54
Melanoma
fast-growing cancer of melanin-producing cells.
55
Malignant secondary
refers to the site of tumor metastasis.
56
Neoplasms
uncontrolled abnormal growth of cells; also called tumors.
57
Metastasize
the growing and spreading of cancer to other body parts.
58
Neoplasms of uncertain behavior
neoplasms in which cells are not histologically confirmed even after pathological investigation.
59
Nonmalignant tumors
not life-threatening, benign.
60
Neoplasms of unspecified behavior
tumors in which the morphology and behavior of the neoplasm are not specified in the patient’s medical record.
61
Transitional cell carcinoma
neoplastic cells undergoing malignant changes and confined to the original epithelium site without invading surrounding tissues; also called carcinoma in situ, noninfiltrating carcinoma, noninvasive carcinoma, and preinvasive carcinoma.
62
Sarcoma
cancer of supportive tissue, such as blood vessels, bones, cartilage, and muscles.
63
Preinvasive carcinoma
neoplastic cells undergoing malignant changes that are confined to the original epithelium site without invading surrounding tissues; also called transitional cell carcinoma, noninfiltrating carcinoma, noninvasive carcinoma, and carcinoma in situ.
64
Noninfiltrating carcinoma
neoplastic cells that are undergoing malignant changes confined to the original epithelium site without invading surrounding tissues; also known as transitional cell carcinoma, carcinoma in situ, noninvasive carcinoma, and preinvasive carcinoma in situ.
65
Noninvasive carcinoma
neoplastic cells undergoing malignant changes that are confined to the original epithelium site without invading surrounding tissues; also called transitional cell carcinoma, noninfiltrating carcinoma, carcinoma in situ, and preinvasive carcinoma.
66
Tumors
the uncontrolled abnormal growth of cells; also called a neoplasm.
67
Alpha thalassemia
condition in which there is a deficiency in the alpha protein being produced.
68
Agammaglobulinemia
a hereditary disorder in which the immunoglobulin (immune proteins) are extremely low, leaving the person open to infection.
69
Agranulocytes
cells that do not have a granular appearance.
70
Anemia
a condition marked by a decrease in red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, or a combination thereof.
71
Angiohemophilia
a deficiency in the clotting factor and platelet function; also known as von Willebrand disease.
72
Beta thalassemia
condition in which there is a lack of beta protein being produced.
73
Coagulation
process of blood clotting.
74
Aplastic anemia
failure of bone marrow to produce blood components.
75
Constitutional aplastic anemia
congenital or hereditary anemia.
76
Erythrocytes
red blood cells that are formed in the bone marrow.
77
Folate deficient anemia
insufficient amounts of folic acid, which is needed for proper cell reproduction and growth.
78
Eosinophilia
a condition in which the eosinophil white blood cell is found in excess in the blood or body tissues.
79
Folate
a water-soluble B vitamin most commonly found in food.
80
Granulocytes
cells with a granular appearance.
81
Hemolytic anemia
occurs when red blood cells are broken down at a faster rate than bone marrow can produce them.
82
Hemoglobin (Hgb)
contained in red blood cells that absorbs oxygen and transports it to the tissues of the body.
83
Idiopathic aplastic anemia
a condition in which the bone marrow is not able, for unknown reasons, to produce cells properly.
84
Immune system
the body’s defense mechanism against disease and other foreign materials.
85
Hereditary factor VIII
a form of hemophilia.
86
Leukocytes
white blood cells that protect the body from disease.
87
Pancytopenia
a decrease in the number of platelets, white blood cells, and red blood cells.
88
Methemoglobinemia
a disorder of the hemoglobin in which oxygen is not able to be transported by the cells.
89
Myelophthisis
severe form of anemia in which certain bone marrow material shows up in the peripheral blood.
90
Lupus
a disease in which the body produces too many antibodies, which begin to turn against the patient’s own body, attacking body organs, joints, and muscles.
91
Neutropenia
an abnormal decrease of granular leukocytes in the blood.
92
Pernicious anemia
an autoimmune disorder in which the stomach is unable to produce intrinsic factor needed to absorb vitamin B12.
93
Plasma
the liquid portion of the blood, without its cellular elements.
94
Pure red cell aplasia
a condition in which precursors to the red blood cells are affected in the bone marrow and eventually cease to be produced.
95
Pure red cell aplasia
a condition in which precursors to the red blood cells are affected in the bone marrow and eventually cease to be produced.
96
Platelets
ovoid-shaped structures that initiate blood clotting.
97
Purpura
the accumulation of blood under the skin that forms multiple pinpoint hemorrhages.
98
Red blood cells (RBC)
disc-shaped cells formed in the bone marrow that contain hemoglobin.
99
Sickle-cell anemia
genetic disorder in which the development of an abnormal type of hemoglobin in red blood cells causes decreased oxygenation in the tissues.
100
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils
white blood cells found in the peripheral blood.
101
Sideropenic dysphagia
a type of iron-deficiency anemia that becomes so severe that the patient has difficulty swallowing in addition to the other symptoms of anemia; also known as Plummer-Vinson syndrome.
102
Sickle-cell trait
an asymptomatic condition in which the patient receives the genetic trait from only one parent.
103
Thrombocytopenia
an abnormal decrease in platelet count that causes purpural hemorrhages.
104
Spleen
located in the upper-left quadrant of the abdomen; the site of lymphocyte and monocyte formation and erythrocyte storage.
105
Thrombophilia
a condition in which the patient is predisposed to develop thromboses.
106
Thrombocytes
one of the cellular elements of blood; also known as platelets.
107
Thalassemia
red blood cells are not formed or functioning properly, and the globulin gene arrangement is affected.
108
Transcobalamin II
necessary to transport vitamin B12.
109
Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia
anemia due to an insufficient dietary intake of vitamin B12 or the inability of the body to absorb vitamin B12 appropriately.
110
Von Willebrand’s disease
the most common of the hereditary bleeding disorders, in which the clotting process is not working properly.
111
White blood cells (WBC)
protect the body from disease; also called leukocytes.
