Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

drug movement to the body?

A

primarily - blood stream
lymph
spinal fluid

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2
Q

smaller molecules diffuse faster? T or F

A

T

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3
Q

3 ways across cell barriers

A

direct penetration of lipid membrane
diffusion through aqueous pores
carriers

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4
Q

ADMET

A
absorption - entry into the body
distribution - to the site of action 
metabolism - chemical changes
elimination - removal from body 
toxicity - effect other than desired
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5
Q

rate of absorption; fastest to slowest

A

liquids - tablets/capsules with enteric coat - slow release tablets

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6
Q

enteral routes

A

oral - absorbed from stomach to intestine but mostly in small intestine
sublingual
rectal

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7
Q

parental routes

A

IV, IM, SC, inhalation, topical

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8
Q

amount of drug that reaches systemic circulation and arrives at the target tissues

A

bioavailability

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9
Q

the more bound a drug is, the more efficient it is? T or F

A

F

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10
Q

most important drug binding protein

A

albumin

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11
Q

important influencing factor for distribution?

A

protein bound

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12
Q

factors affecting protein binding

A

Anorexia or not eating enough
liver damage
dysfunctional kidney

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13
Q

Drugs with ___ lipid solubility and ___ plasma binding capabilities have ___ volumes of distribution

A

high. low. higher

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14
Q

what type of medication is better in distribution?

A

fat soluble

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15
Q

where does elimination occur?

A
renal - kidney 
biliary - bile
expired air
swear and saliva
breast milk
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16
Q

any small molecule that binds to a specific cell site

A

ligand or drug

17
Q

these are like locks in a door

A

receptor

18
Q

transient blockade and can reverse agonists effect

A

competitive antagonists

19
Q

drug targets

A

receptors, ion channels, enzymes, transport blockers

20
Q

location of drug targets

A

nervous system - centra and peripheral nervous system

21
Q

when drug is producing an outcome or maximum response a drug can produce regardless of dose

A

drug efficacy

22
Q

when drug required to give same response or how much drug must be administered to produce a desired response

A

drug potency

23
Q

conferred by ability to bind to active site of specific receptors

A

drug selectivity

24
Q

why do drug responses vary?

A
body weight and composition
disease states
placebo effect
tolerance
co-morbidities
diet
failure to take medication as prescribed
age 
gender
25
Q

drug metabolising capacity is less in which age group?

A

the elderly

26
Q

which patients are more sensitive to drugs

A

paediatric patients due to organ immaturity

27
Q

most common teratogen?

A

alcohol

28
Q

substance that causes physical or funcitonal defects

A

teratogen

29
Q

key issues for geriatric patients

A

altered pharmacokinetics
multiple comorbidities
multidrug therapy
poor adherence