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Pharmacology Block 3 > Week 18.1 Drugs > Flashcards

Week 18.1 Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Penicillin G and V

A 
B lactam-Penicillin
G- IV/IM              V- Oral 
1. (X) anaerobes: CDIF+
2. (X) Gram Pos - Strep throat 
3. (X) Gram Neg- neisseria meningitis 
4. (X) Spirochetes- syphilis ((V-G)
(O) Staph or enterococcus (B lactamase)
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2
Q

Oxacillin

A

B lactam-Penicillin
IV/IM
(X) B-lactamase POS Staph (MSensitive-SA)

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3
Q

Ampicillin

A 
B lactam-Penicillin
IV or oral
(X) Gram POS- Enterococcus UTI
(X) Gram NEG- neisseria, salmonella
(X) Meningitis (Neisseria, Listeria)
(X) GI infections (concentrate in GI- Shigella)
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4
Q

B-lactam

A 
Cell Wall inhibitor--/PBPs
Bactericidal 
(X) Broad spectrum
D-ala-D-ala analog---/PBP's
1. penicillins
2. cephalosporins
3. carbapenems
4. monobactams
(-) bacterial lysis syndrome: chills, fever, aches (due to inflam response to bact)
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5
Q

Penicillins

A 
B lactams
1. Penacillin G and V
2. Oxacillin
3. Ampicillin
4. Amoxicillin
5. Tiarcillin
6. Piperacillin 
(X) BROAD spectrum
(-) severe allergic reaction: anaphylaxis, serum sickness, rash, fever
-hepatotoxicity, nephritis, seizures
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6
Q

Amoxicillin

A 
B lactam- Penicillin
oral abs (> amp)
(X) Otitis Media
(X) 2nd for Lyme disease
(X) Gram POS and Neg
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7
Q

Ticarcillin

A 
B Lactam- Penicillin
Broad Gram NEG
(X) pseudomonas aeruginosa
(X) gram pos, and/or anaerobes
(-) susceptible to B lactamases
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8
Q

Piperacillin

A 
B Lactam- Penicillin 
Broad Gram NEG
(X) pseudomonas
(X) Klebsiella
(X) ticarcillin-resistant gram neg
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9
Q

Clavulanic Acid

A

B-lactamase inhibitor
B-lactam analog irreversibly–/B lactamase
(X) restore activity of amp/amoxicillin, ticarcillin/piperacillin)

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10
Q

Tazobactam

A

B-lactamase inhibitor
B-lactam analog irreversibly–/B lactamase
(X) restore activity of amp/amoxicillin, ticarcillin/piperacillin)

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11
Q

Cephalosporins

A

B lactam- Cell Wall inhibitors
Injection
(-) allergic reactions, disulfiram rxn with alcohol, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia

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12
Q

Cefazolin

A 
B lactam- Cephalosporin 1st gen
Gram POS 
IV/IM, longer t1/2 (1-2hr)
(X) staph, strep
(X) uncomplicated skin infection
(X) surgical prophylaxis
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13
Q

Cephalexin

A 
B lactam- Cephalosporin 1st gen
Gram POS
oral, short t 1/2 
(X) staph, strep
(X) uncomplicated skin/bone/joint infection
(X) UTI E coli- neg
(X) respiratory, otitis media
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14
Q

Cefuroxime

A

B lactam- Cephalosporin 2nd gen
Penetrate CSF!
(X) Haemophilus
(+) tolerance to gram neg B lactamase

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15
Q

Cefaxitin

A

B lactam- Cephalosporin 2nd gen
(X) anaerobes- B fragilis
(+) tolerance to gram neg B-lactamase

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16
Q

Ceftriaxone

A 
B lactam- Cephalosporin 3rd gen
LONG t 1/2 = 6-9hrs
(X) meningitis
(X) gonorrhea
(X) gram neg: E coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter
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17
Q

Ceftazidime

A 
B lactam- Cephalosporin 3rd gen
Short t 1/2 (90min)
(X) pseudomonas aruginosa
(O) gram pos-strep
(X) gram neg: E coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter
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18
Q

Cefepim

A

B Lactam-Cephalosporin 4th gen
penetrate CSF!
(X) serious inpatient infections
(+) resistant to B lactamases

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19
Q

Imipenem

A

B lactam- Carbapenem (ESBL-R)
Broad SPectrum
(+) resistant to B lactamases (ESBLs)
(X) mixed infections, ill-defined, non-responsive/resistant
+ cilastatin: prevent hydrolysis
(-) allergic rxn~ cross react w pen
(-) seizure, dizziness, confusion, superinfection , pseudomembranous colitis

20
Q

Aztreonam

A 
B lactam- Carbapenem
IV/IM
Gram NEG, aerobic rods
(+) NO cross-reactions with B lactams
(-) seizure, anaphylaxis, enterocolitis, EKG changes
21
Q

Vancomycin

A

Glycopeptide- Bactericidal
bind C-D.Ala.D.Ala–/cell wall crosslink and elongation
IV/oral
Gram POS ONLY
(X) Staph, MRSA
(X) Strep penumoniae- meningitis (+ cephalosporin)
(X) Enterococcus
(X)CDIF (2nd to metronidazole)
(r.) Enterococcus resistance
(-) red man/neck syndrome, nephrotoxic, ototoxic, phlebitis

22
Q

Fosfomycin

A

Cell wall inhibitor
–/ enoylpyruvyl transferase
(X) uncomplicated UTI (E.coli, Enterococcus)
(-) headache, diarrhea, nausea, vaginitis

23
Q

Bacitracin

A

Cell Wall inhibitor
Topical —/lipid carrier of cell comp through cell membr
(X) Gram pos skin inf- strep/staph
(-) allergic dermatitis

24
Q

Polymyxin B

A

Cell membrane inhibitor
bind LPS of gram NEG
-topical
(X) pseudomonas

25
Q

Daptomycin

A 
Cell membrane inhibitor
bind, cause depolarization= bactericidal 
(X) Gram POS - complicated skin infections 
-MSSA/MRSA, bacteremia 
strep
enterococcus 
(-) nausea, diarrhea, GI flora alt,
muscle pain, weakness
26
Q

Norfloxacin

A 
NA inhibitor- Quinolone
(X) UTI- enterobacteriaceae 
(-) ^^ R for cystitis 
(-) rash, photosensitivity, peripheral neuropathy, tendon rupure (elderly+ steroid)
(O) NOT CHILDREN
27
Q

Ciprofloxacin

A

NA inhibitor- Quinolone
(X) UTI
(X) infectious diarrhea ( shigella, E coli, salmonella)
(X) bone, skin, joint infection
(X) chlamydia
(-) rash, photosensitivity, peripheral neuropathy, tendon rupure (elderly+ steroid)
(O) NOT CHILDREN

28
Q

Moxifloxacin

A

NA inhibitor- Quinolone
Gram POS+
(X) respiratory infection- community aq pneumonia, bronchitis
(O)strep pharyngitis
(-) rash, photosensitivity, peripheral neuropathy, tendon rupure (elderly+ steroid)
(O) NOT CHILDREN

29
Q

Nitrofurantoin

A

NA inhibitor- Nitrofuran
nitroreductase> active*> DNA damage
(X) lower UTI (E coli, enterococcus) > turns urine brown
(-)hypersensitivity, peripheral neuropathy, pulmonary reaction (cough, dyspnea, fever), liver damage, anemia

30
Q

Rifampin

A

NA inhibitor
–/RNA polymerase B–/ RNA synth
(X) TB
(X) prophylaxis of meningitis (neisseria, haemophilus influenza type B)
(-) hepatotoxicity, orange color secretions
(/) INDUCE CYP’s

31
Q

Fidaxomicin

A

NA inhibitor-
non-comp–/RNA polymerase
(X) CDIF 3rd line (metron, vanco)
(-) GI upset, bleeding

32
Q

Metronidazole

A

NA inhibitor- DNA damage
reduction of nitro group by anaerobes> DNA damage
(X) anaerobes: CDIF enterocolitis, B. fragilis
+ tetracycline/amox: Helicobacter
(X) Gardnerella vaginalis
(-) thrombophlebitis after iV< bacterial/fungal superinfections (Candida)

33
Q

Gentamicin

A

Protein Synthesis inhibitor-Aminoglycoside
(X) pseudomonas
(r.)
(-) nephrotoxicity (reverse), ototoxicity (irreverse), NM blockade

34
Q

Tobramycin

A

Protein Synthesis inhibitor-Aminoglycoside
(X) pseudomonas
(r.)
(-) nephrotoxicity (reverse), ototoxicity (irreverse), NM blockade

35
Q

Amikacin

A

Protein Synthesis inhibitor-Aminoglycoside
(X) gentamicin/tobramycin resistant Pseudomonas
(-) nephrotoxicity (reverse), ototoxicity (irreverse), NM blockade

36
Q

Doxycycline

A 
Protein Synthesis inhibitor-Tetracycline
STATIC
(X) Rickettsia 
(X) syphilis
(X) uncomplicated N 
gonorrhea 
(O) Ca++ supplements: bind, pregnancy, children 
(-) GI enterocolitis, candida superinfection, photosensitization, teeth discoloration
37
Q

Minocycline

A

Protein Synthesis inhibitor-Tetracycline
STATIC
(X) syphilis
(X) uncomplicated gonorrhea
^^^ Ca++ binding
(O) Ca++ supplements: bind, pregnancy, children
(-) GI enterocolitis, candida superinfection, photosensitization, teeth discoloration

38
Q

Tigecycline

“Last Line Agent”

A

Protein Synthesis inhibitor-Glycylcycline
STATIC—/30S subunit
(X) skin infection
(X) complicated intra abdm infection
(X) CAP (Comm-aq pneumonia)
(X) neg: E coli, citrobacter, klebsiella, enterobacter
(X) pos: MSSA/MRSA, strep
(X) anaerobes: b. fragilis, C. perfringens
(-) Ca+ binding, enterocolitis

39
Q

Erythromycin

A

Protein Synthesis inhibitor-Macrolide
STATIC; bind 50S–/ translocation of ribosomes
(X) Gram pos- strep throat for penicillin-allergy
(X) chlamydia,mycoplasma, legionella, bordetella
(-) nausea, vomit, arrhythmia and cardiac arrest
(O) INHIBIT CYP3A

40
Q

Clarithromycin

A

Protein Synthesis inhibitor-Macrolide
STATIC bind 50S–/ translocation of ribosomes
~ erythromycin (less freq dose, less GI effect, wider spectrum)
(X) H. influenzae, PR. Strep pneumoniae, mycobacteria,
(X) Helicobacter + amoxicillin +omeprazole
(-) CV risk

41
Q

Azithromycin

A 
Protein Synthesis inhibitor-Macrolide
STATIC bind 50S--/ translocation of ribosomes
(X) out put resp tract infections
(X) chlamydia
(X) gonorrhea + ceftriaxone
(-) CV effects
42
Q

Linezolid

A

Protein Synthesis inhibitor-Oxazilidinone
STATIC; bind 50S–/initiation complex formation (70S)
(X) gram POS skin infection (VREnterococcus, Staph aur, strep A and B)
(X) Strep pneumoniae, staph
(-) –/MAO= tyramine HTN crisis
(-) superinfection, enterocolitis, bone marrow suppression

43
Q

Clindamycin

A 
Protein Synthesis inhibitor-
STATIC; bind 50S--/translocation
(X) Strep and MSSA --/toxin 
(X) B. fragilis 
(O) CDIF
(--) !!!enterocolitis!!!!, hepatotoxic
44
Q

Chloramphenicol

A

Protein Synthesis inhibitor-
STATIC–/ aa-tRNA bind to 50S
(X) meningitis, brain abscess
(-) SERIOUS SIDE EFFECTS: bone marrow depression, grey baby syndrome, optic neuritis>blindness

45
Q

Sulfamethoxazole

A

Antifolate- Sulfonamide
STATIC; comp analog of p aminobenzoic acid
(X) + trimethoprim
(-) hypersensitivit (rash), crystalluria, INHIBIG CYP2C9

46
Q

Silver Sulfadiazine

A

Antifolate-Sulfonamide
STATICcomp analog of p aminobenzoic acid
(X) prevent infection in burn pt
(-) hypersensitivit (rash), crystalluria, INHIBIG CYP2C9

47
Q

Trimethoprim

A

Antifolate
STATIC: comp inhibit dihydrofolate reductase (DHF analog)

(X) + sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim= RMP/SMX 
uncomplicated UTI
(X) URT, ear infection
(X) GI infection
(X) pneumocystis jiroveci (AIDS) 
(-) bone marrow suppression, rash

Pharmacology Block 3 (9 decks)

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