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Pharmacology Block 3 > Week 19 Drugs > Flashcards

Week 19 Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Mebendazole

A

Nematode (round)
- damage microtubules
(X) intestinal roundworms
(-) low bioavailability, low toxicity

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2
Q

Albendazole

A 
Nematode (round)/ Cestode (tape) 
*systemic distribution
(X) hydatid cyst disease
(X) neurocystercircosis  (tape)
(X) cutaneous larval migrans 
(-) elevated hepatic enzymes, GI sxs
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3
Q

Thiabendazole

A 
Nematode(round)
*systemic distribution
(X) cutaneous larval migrans
(X) strongyloides
(-) GI sxs, dizziness
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4
Q

Pyrantel Pamoate

A 
Nematode (round)
-depolarizing NMJ blocker
(X) hook, pin, roundworm 
(O) whip
(-) GI sxs
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4
Q

Paromycin Sulfate

A

Cestode (tape)/ Amebiasis / Paromycin Sulfate

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6
Q

Paromomycin Sulfate

A 
Cestode (tape)/ LUMINAL Amebiasis 
-inhibit protein synthesis
(X) 3rd choice cestode
(X) Luminal amebiasis
(-) GI sxs, epigastric pain
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7
Q

Chloroquine

A 
Malaria Blood Schizonticide
-prevent toxic heme polymerization--/ infected RBC
(X) prevent all 4 subtypes
(X) eradicate P. falciparum/ malariae
(X) + schizonticide; P. vivax/ovale
(-) visual impairment
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8
Q

Mefloquine

A 
Malaria  Blood Schizonticide
(X) Cl-R P. falciparum
(X) prophylaxis 
(O) epilepsy/psychiatric disorder
(-) psychiatric effects, vestibular effects
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9
Q

Atovaquone + Proguanil

A 
Malaria Blood Schizonticide
-inhibit pyrimidine syntheisis
 (A--/ mitoch electron transport)
(P--/ DHF-R) 
(X) prevent/tx Cl-R P. falciparum
(-) GI sxs, rash
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10
Q

Quinine

A 
Malaria  Blood Schizonticide
(X) severe, acute attacks
(X) Cl-R P. falciparum
(-) cinchonism: headache, visual disturbances, dizziness, tinnitus 
(X) GI sxs, CV arrhythmias
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11
Q

Doxycycline (Abx)

A 
Malaria Blood Schizonticide
-inhibit malarial protein synthesis--
 dihydro=orotate DH--/pyrimidine synthesis 
(X) treat/prevent MDR P. falciparum 
(-) abs effects; photsensitivity
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11
Q

Primaquine

A

Malaria Blood Schizonticide

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13
Q

Metronidazole (Abx)

A

TISSUE Amebiasis/ Other Protozoan Diseases
(X) Tissue amebiasis (symptomatic)- E histolytica
(X) Giardia, trichomonas vaginalis

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14
Q

Iodoquinol

A

LUMINAL Amebiasis
(X)+ metronidazole for severe E. histolytica
(O) Idodine sensitivity
(-) GI sxs

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15
Q

Atovaquone

A

Protozoan Disease
-inhibit mitochondrial electron transport
(X)pneumocystis jiroveci (AIDS) 2nd
(X) + rifabutin: Toxoplasma gondii

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16
Q

Nitazoxanide

A

Other Protozoan Diseases
-disrupt anaerobic E metabolism
(X) Giardia, Cryptosporidium
(-) Gi sxs, abdm pain

17
Q

Amantadine

A

inhibit viral adsorption
(X) prophylaxis of infl A
–/ M2 pore-med uncoating
(-)CNS effects; anxiety, confusion, depression

18
Q

Oseltamivir

A

inhibit viral release/penetration
(X) influenza A and B (1st 48 hrs)
prodrug> active*–/ NA
(-) nausea, vomit, diarrhea, bronchitis

19
Q

Trifluridine

A

inhibit Herpes virus NA synthesis
(X) Herpes 1 and 2 Conjunctivitis
Thymidine analog–/DNA synth (chain term)
(-) systemic toxicity= only opthalamic

20
Q

Acyclovir

A

inhibit Herpes viral NA synthesis
(X) IV- systemic HSV
(X) oral-1o genital or recurrent gingivostomatosis
(X) topical- 1o genital, chickenpox
phosphorylated Guanosine–/ DNA polymerase (chain term)

(-) rash, itching, nausea/vomit, headache, fatigue
(/) low F, short t 1/2

21
Q

Famciclovir

A

Herpes NA inhibitor
prodrug> penciclovir tri-P*= chain termination
(X) acute herpes zoster (shingles), suppress recurrent genital herpes
(-)

22
Q

Penciclovir

A

herpes NA inhibitor- (topical)
tri-P*–/DNA polymerase chain elongation
(X) herpes of lips, face
(-) rash, irritation @ site

23
Q

Ganciclovir

A 
CMV NA inhibitor 
-acyclic nucleoside analog> momo-P*-
(X) CMV retinitis
(X) CMV prophylaxis in organ transplant
(-) bone marrow suppression
24
Q

Foscarnet

A

CMV NA inhibitor
- pyrophosphate analog–/ DNA polymerase
(X) CMV retinitis
(X) acyclovir-resistant HSV
(-) renal damage> electrolyte imbalance, seizures

25
Q

Lamivudine (3TC)

A 
Hepatitis/HIV NA inhibitor
nucleoside analog--/Reverse Transcriptase 
(X) Hep B
(X)combo tx for HIV (AZT+ 3TC)
(-) nausea, diarrhea, rash
26
Q

Tenofovir

A 
Hepatitis/HIV NA inhibitor
adenosine analog--/ RT 
(X) Hep B
(X) combo tx for HIV
(-) GI upset
27
Q

Ribavirin

A 
RSV NA inhibitor
-mono-P--/inosine5pDH--/GTP synth
- tri-P--/ GTP-dep capping of mRNA
(X) severe RSV in children
(X) + INF alpha= Hep C
(-) anemia, bone marrow suppression
28
Q

Interferon alpha

A

Hepatitis NA inhibitor
IFN natural immune stimulants
(X) hep B and C (+ Boceprevir + Ribavirin)
(venereal warts)
(-)flu-like syndrome, leukopenia/bone marrow suppression
(-) neurotoxicity, myalgia

29
Q

Boceprevir

A 
Hepatitis C NA inhibitor
\+ ribavirin + PEG-IFN alpha
(X) Hep C, genotype 1
(-) anemia, neutropenia 
(O)strong CYP3A inhibitor
30
Q

Zidovudine (AZT)

A

NRTI HIV tx
Thymidine analog> AZT-3P*–/RT
(X) HIV
(-) bone marrow suppression, anemia, neutropenia, myopathy
(O) glucuronyl transferase inhibitors (Aspirin, acetaminophen)

31
Q

Emtricitabine

A

NRTI HIV tx
analog of 3TC- Lamivudine –/RT
(X) combo tx for HIV
(-) GI upset

32
Q

Abacavir

A

NRTI
(X) combo tx for HIV
(O) hypersensitivity (HLA-B*5701 allele)

33
Q

Efavirenz

A

non-NRTI
active as given, allosteric conform change–/RT
(X) multi-drug tx for HIV
(-) CNS sxs: psychiatric, nightmares, rash

34
Q

Lopinavir

A 
Inhibit HIV Aspartic Protease
(X) in combo w NRTIs for HIV 1 and 2
-competitive inhibitor of protease---/AP
(-) diabetes, altered lipid metabolism, fat redistribution
(O) CYP3A inhibitor
35
Q

Ritonavir

A 
inhibit HIV Aspartic Protease-BOOST
(X) BOOSTER of other PIs
-^ levels of PIs by ---/CYP3A
(-) diabetes, altered lipid metabolism, fat redistribution
(O) CYP3A inhibitor
36
Q

Enfuvirtide

A

HIV Fusion Inhibitor
(X) HIV 1 ONLY- with failed regimens
-bind gp41—/fusion of HIV:CD4+
(-)injection site rxns**, GI upset, fatigue

37
Q

Maraviroc

A

HIV CCR5 Antagonists–/entry
(X) CCR5-tropic HIV
-antagonist on SELF CCR5-coR–/HIV gp120 intxn
(-)hepatotoxicity, CV events

38
Q

Raltegravir

A

HIV Integrase Inhibitors
-prevent integration of HIV1 into host genome
(X) HIV-1 new and experienced pts (resistant)

Pharmacology Block 3 (9 decks)

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